Transcript:
situation this is a global definitely a global phenomenon that we have to deal with
we're going to need booster shots some at some point it will be an annual shock and probably too just like
a flu shot for quite some time to come yeah yeah for sure for sure
uh scott i wanted to test something out here can i you want to test something sure yeah
yeah i i you'll see i have two instances i have one uh that i'm using my audio and video you want and then i have
another yeah i just want to share my screen on my other instance all right go ahead and ask
so if i if i just test uh so let's see here let me
turn my screen okay
so you know when i when i speak does it go away or does it stay on the
video there's no video can you see my screen i see your screen
it says astronomy video cameras oh hello
hello hello oh interesting
oh you think the audio is taking over your uh you're okay can you hear me now yep yes
okay so you couldn't hear me there you couldn't hear me earlier right no we could hear you couldn't you well a
little bit okay just like you said hello little bit yeah
yeah so that somehow they interrupted that was interesting so it uses the same stream i have two different accounts
okay i'll figure out a different way of doing this so uh what i'll do is uh
let me stop sharing or i'll just disconnect from here
where are you from better
still here okay you can still hear me right yep
oh
okay can you hear me now yes okay good yeah that's that uh having two sessions uh uh
doesn't isn't good for my bandwidth so i will not do that sorry thanks for letting me test that okay
okay now let me try something else
hmm
everybody's angry at me why
because they didn't like the einstein joke i told [Laughter]
well it wasn't like he said that einstein's not a planet anymore or something like that
you must have told that before i came on make everybody mad again it's not a
planet anymore so there okay
neil tyson told me so mike brown that's right and mike brown
actually it was colliding phone calls i said it at the same time
don't tell alan stern though
or chris no or a thousand other planetary scientists you know we're the
tombow family yeah right those guys
are astronomers at lowell right
but wasn't there like some sort of other revision that the american astronomic or
the international astronomical union was going to make that would affect pluto's status
to some degree no i don't think so but but
facts have caught up to their logic though you know they're they're you know asteroids that
are dependent orbitally on several planets including two small ones that are
uh in earth's orbit so earth the planet we're standing on hasn't
cleared its orbit of all right that was one of the definitions one of their criteria their third and
weakest most illogical criterion right so that those discoveries happened in
2010 and 11 after the iau demotion which by the way
was done by astronomers not planetary scientists right
it was done by the astronomers who were left on the last day of the convention that's right as i recall uh they were supposed to vet
new motions through a committee before they were brought to the floor and that was not done when the
second motion was made so and dwarf planets are planets
after all just like giant planets or planets and b pluto doesn't care what
you call it it's pretty cool oh it's way cool it's very
cool they're all worlds right they're all amazing i think that flew over scott's head
it probably did many things do
got a hole in my glove got a hole in my glove
one of my favorite cartoon characters is foghorn leghorn oh yeah
you must have loved that ad
[Laughter] when i was young i didn't understand why
he could put coyote i i thought it wasn't funny but then when i got older it was like he's hilarious
he's the straight man somehow the buffoon
yeah they did everything right
i like the tux avery cartoons also those are good
yep
my my daughter's favorite cartoon is one with daffy duck in it and
daffy duck is is told by his nagging wife to sit on the egg while she goes out oh yeah i
remember that one and he does this magic trick where he makes the egg disappear you know yeah
and he does it and he shows it again he shows it again and shows it again and finally he does it one more time and the
egg disappears he can't get it back okay and now the wife's coming home
and he grabs a doorknob yanks it out the door sets it in the nest and then sits on it but before he does
the doorknob turns up and the anyways he kind of gets shafted
it's pretty hilarious that's a kid's cartoon it's a kids cartoon
it's uh uh you know and it's my daughter's favorite cartoon of all time
they've been watching since they were little
well we've got a nice uh group of people watching us right now we got james the astrophotographer
pekka's in the audience right now watching but he'll probably log on later chris larson is on says what up
uh we got um harold locke good evening all hello
and uh steve hauser good evening from cloudy idaho
and um we got ottavia's or zorsi
looks like good evening from italy um it's fun to see people from around the
world watching uh pekka we know he's from sweden yes and steve houser my eighth grade algebra
teacher was percival lowell's grandson wow
that's cool zara says hello to everyone
uh martin e spurn says made it again and howdy everybody jeff setzer dwarf planets are not
planets uh oh okay he's drawing the line chris larson um is watching um
aaron thompson's watching says greetings erin
yes that's her my english teacher family doesn't like that okay
uh washed he says it's 1 52 in the morning in tunisia
that's pretty early or late depending on how you're late that's right depending on what's going
on mike weisner's on hi from southern arizona um gary alban
uh is says hello and um james astro says hello
and aaron thompson says hello so more to come
looks like we have a nice group tonight all over our global world yes
and for all of you watching and participating if you can share and like and ring the little bell and
subscribe it's very much appreciated
by the way um and i've cleared this with the solar system ambassadors group all of these
programs will be included as solar system and ambassador events
so tonight including uh molly wakeling who i know is a solar
system ambassador um i think we've got one or two more here including myself
were on the program and so we got a nice uh
visualization from nasa at the beginning of the program it kind of goes along with
david eicher's talk about black holes which is going to be cool
david looks like he's getting ready to look through his telescope who me
yeah you yeah it looks like your ear was right next to the eyepiece maybe it's a radio telescope you know oh over the
scope in back of me yeah you know what i i just found i i have to read this quotation now i i found a
quotation in the i've completely forgot about this in the frontish piece of this new cosmos book this is a funny
quotation but i'll save it for when i start from of all people
alfonso the tenth of castile our old friend
12 21 to 1284. not sure but i think he's dead now
what do you mean for a philosopher of science but but he was interested in it and has one great
quotation about the complexity of the world
and yes he is quite quite dead just as francisco franco is still dead
hello john w briggs good to see you
dumb briggs in the house i think we've got an interesting evening ahead of us john is in the house john's
in the house hi john he's muted he's in the house though yeah
so gil clark contacted me about a bunch of telescopes and astronomy equipment
that he has and wanted it to go to a museum and i could think of no better
museum than the lyceum with john briggs so i think they're going to be able to
connect and he will add to his huge collection
we're going to have to have a big meeting at the lyceum sometime yes star party in new mexico new mexico at the
lyceum yeah i'll bring
entertainment of some sort i thought you were the entertainment
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oh hmm
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this is cool [Music]
so
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so
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well hello everybody this is scott roberts from explorer scientific and this is the explore alliance
presentation of the 43rd global star party and we have a great group of
astronomers with us right now and more to come it is
it's always a great pleasure of mine to be at the global star party and to see
the audience from around the world and to have participants and presenters from around the world as well and
you know so it's it's uh it it makes me realize that this is
why i do what i do i love this so
we will have a great schedule today we've got david levy of course who will be up
first david eicher who's going to talk about black holes molly wakeling about
how energy is made in the sun john briggs who talks about his long night at
edmondson scott south pole station antarctica that's going to be very very cool we had we had some conversation
about that before we uh before we started today living in the city it'll be cold
it is cold there living in the stars is with us chuck allen
from the astronomical league will be conducting door prizes but he's going to do double duty tonight because he's also
going to give a lecture by the way i mentioned molly wakeling she's doing
double duty too because she's giving a lecture first and then live astrophotography last so that's cool
uh pekka halter about making the skies darker in sweden
he'll be with us then we'll take a 10-minute break jerry hubbell's going to be on some
astrophotography if it's clear adrian bradley uh a program about moonrise um
and chuck allen's talk and then molly wakelyn's astrophotography and then our after party starts so
uh if you're interested in the after party i've already included the waiting room link so
you just have to kind of wait until we get towards the end of our speakers and then you can log in and share the
experience with us but right now we're going to um
we're going to uh turn our focus onto david levy a friend of us all
a a man who almost never says no to uh
supporting astronomy and and doing astronomy outreach i think the only time he says no is
when he's actually doing astronomy outreach someplace else so um
but he's an amazing guy a huge inspiration to a lot of us and um you know one of my very best
friends david i'm going to give you the stage thank you scotty and i say no
tonight i'm not going to do a quote and i have nothing to do with tonight's star party are you okay with that scotty i'm good
i'm fine no no no okay i can't you're right i cannot say no it is not in my dna
the words don't exist for that anyway while we were all waiting
david eicher and uh jerry hubble and chuck and libby and john
and cameron were talking with about certain things that were kind of
entering our minds and uh one of them was abraham lincoln
and a very interesting story that took place it appears not to be apocryphal
because i've read it in a printed book about asaf hall who one night in 1862
was observing at the naval of the old naval observatory he was very in a terrible mood things
were just not going right for him and then there was this knock at the door a fairly soft knock and he just
blew up he said i'm going to open this door and i'm going to scream at whoever it is tell him to leave me alone
not to bother me and so he went down the chute down the stairs and opened the
door and there all by himself standing there was
abraham lincoln president of the united states wow no security he was just there by
himself and he said i'm sorry to interrupt you but i've had a horrible day as it looks
like you have and i just wanted to know if it would be okay if i took a quick look through your telescope
and uh hull was ready to to yell and scream and he opened his
mouth and closed and he goes and he says you're welcome here yes they had a wonderful evening
but i think the best part of it was that uh you know lincoln knew about the telescope he asked intelligent
questions like about how telescopes invert the image which is one of the most basic questions
but at the very end he said almost like a little child would ask
can i come back again and asoff hall said you are welcome here
any time two or three nights later he came back with a secretary of war for a second
evening anyway that brings me to a story that i have to share 27 years ago
i and gene and carolyn shoemaker were at the white house to celebrate
actually it was the uh 25th anniversary of the moonwalk
by um armstrong and aldrin and collins and uh
we were there and the afternoon was getting over and we were about to leave when someone came in and said excuse me
but the vice president wishes to discuss something with you would you mind waiting a few minutes
and gene looks and says well i'll have to take checkpoints to schedule and oh
of course we're going to wait of course we will and he appeared and uh
you know as he he was talking with us and it was more of a conversation of
a group of enthusiastic amateur astronomers than it was a conversation about uh
about politics or anything else and i'm thinking of this in the back of my
brain and i'm thinking you know well you can say what you want but i'm gonna
get to look at the impact spots before you are and then it happened he said
you know i live on the grounds of the naval observatory and i thought to myself don't say it
and he said and the other night i said please don't say it
i went to the observatory and i asked if i could take a look at the impact spots
and they showed them to me and i said you beat me in my own game you got to see the spots before i get to see them
and he says well that's the way it should be isn't it when you become vice president then you
can look at the end you can do it anyway it was a lovely lovely story i
have two little quotes for you tonight and the first one is from connoisseurs to tell published in 1801
and it's by charles messier what caused me to understand undertake the catalog
was the nebula i discovered above the southern horn of taurus on 12 september 1758 while observing the
comet of that year the nebula had such a resemblance to a comet in its form and brightness that i
endeavored to find others so that astronomers would not confuse the same nebulae with comets just
beginning to shine it's a very famous quotation almost as
fame not quite as famous as this one which i'm going to conclude with
this one is from hamlet and uh it was it's one of the most famous
quotes of all of in all of that play but it was made a little more famous
when patrick stewart added it on a recent uh on a next-gen episode
this most excellent canopy the air look you this brave or hanging firmament this
majestical roof fretted with golden fire what a piece of work is a man
how noble in reason how infinite in faculties in form and moving how expressed and
admirable in action how like an angel an apprehension how like a god the beauty
of the world the paragon of animals and yet to me what is this quintessence of dust
and on that note i give it back to scotty thank you
thank you david thank you um you know it's it's always an honor to
introduce each one of these people here but i often like to uh work with others
to give that honor to um other uh contributors to our community of amateur
astronomy and and uh and for those who like to participate in global star party
next global star party will be uh uh our special guest house will be cesar brollo
from south america so i expect to see a lot of um interesting people from his
his i'm not gonna say his neck of the woods but uh his uh his area down under
and um but uh you know one of the people that uh uh
uh that i was also very honored to hand over the global star party to was dave eiker
and his whole group of uh of editors from astronomy magazine and that was
amazing i i don't know if that's ever been done before but it was uh it was a beautiful thing
and um you know but uh everybody including i mean david levy and and uh
and others jerry hubbell who also be on tonight and molly wakeling who's been on tonight or will be on tonight have all
done this but uh um i think that uh seeing all those editors there uh sharing all their
knowledge and everything that's really that's gonna stick with me for a very very long time maybe forever
david thank you so much for coming on all these programs and um i look forward to your uh your talk
tonight thank you scott we'll have to do that again sometime with the editors they'd love it i think
thank you david for inspiring us always and when when david a little while ago
when david was when we were bantering around before we got started here we were talking about this and that david
always has fantastic quotations of course that he shares with us and i stumbled on one i
forgot that i had these in a book that i had done some time ago here's one that i
always always thought was a great uh outlook on the universe now this was uh
from alfonso the 10th of castile in the 13th century and his quotation
about the universe when his scientists of the day this is 800 years ago was trying to ex we're
trying to explain uh how it all worked to him his reply was if the lord almighty had
consulted me before embarking on creation thus i should have recommended something
simpler and i think a lot of astrophysicists would agree with that as well
but on that note i wanted to talk a little bit tonight about black holes one of our our favorite subjects of all
um because for i'm sorry david
was a wonderful quote thanks for sharing that with us oh thank you of course of course yeah you bet yeah that that's
quite funny for for such a long time ago i think that and for for a non-scientist head of
state if you will you know to say yeah um
black holes have fascinated i think all of us all the way from the origins of thinking about what what
the stars were in the night sky uh back then a millennium ago
um up until more recent times and it's funny because even at the time when i
came to astronomy magazine in 1982 uh black holes in some sense were still
largely a rumor there was a tremendously slow
accumulation of evidence for black holes and their existence
um i think the best quotation about black holes of all comes from our star must friend who's a
wonderful guy very generous guy with his time kip thorn black holes are the brightest objects in
the universe but no light kip likes to say
and by that he means that they're tremendously energetic and of course he was the one of the co-creators if you will of
ligo which uh of course as you know a few years ago detected the first merger
of a black hole uh the gravitational waves um but they're very mysterious and they
eluded detection for a very very long time because the
concept of a black hole being proposed goes back about 230 years to the english
natural philosopher john mitchell who studied gravity and of course at
that time essentially most all scientists were called natural philosophers and they had some degree of
expertise in in set what we would now call several sciences um
he proposed that there should be with a very intense gravitational field
what he called dark stars that would be so gravitationally compressed that nothing not even light could escape
and of course that turns out to be conceptually what black holes are
they're regions of very intense gravity in which nothing not even photons can escape
little progress happened really in in terms of any concrete um [Music]
progress until the time of about albert einstein in the early 20th century
um we mentioned we were talking about uh einstein earlier but he he did some of
his very serious mathematical work of course on the general uh
relativity theory um and its notions that space
time is warped rather than flat and that led to a lot of investigations
of the concept of of black holes his friend carl schwartz child also did a
lot of work uh mathematically on black holes he died sadly contracted the
disease and died just at the end of the first world war but but the a
lot of the mathematical work that he did uh led to a brief time uh when the
concept of black holes they were called schwartz child singularities
well quite a number of astronomers later in the 20th century studied massive stars of course
chandra and many others and predicted that they could collapse
into black holes stellar black holes black holes that result from the deaths
of massive stars above a certain mass limit and it turns out to be uh more or less ten solar
masses ten times the mass of our sun but no one knew of a single one of
course is a concrete example for many many many many years in fact it was
1975 when a radio and other emission
object called that came to be cataloged as cygnus x1 became a prime suspect for
a stellar black hole this was the late 1960s and early 1970s and by
1975 another famous theoretical physicist entered the realm stephen hawking who we
as you know we just lost a few years ago here um but he had the storied careers
carrying on what einstein had done at the back end of the 20th century in
the early part of the 21st century um well stephen hawking and his friend kip
thorne they did a lot of work on what black hole should do kip thorne's book is a great book still
even though it's a little bit old now black holes and time warps that's a book that if anyone is interested in black
holes they should have in their library you can get a good paperback edition of that very easily now
well they ended up making a bet they they thought that cygnus x1 this this very high energy what appeared to be a
dead star would turn out to be a black hole um but for fun they made a bat against each other this was in 1975
just uh for a kick hawking bet against cygnus x1 turning out to be a genuine
black hole and uh his friend kip wagered that it would turn out to be a
black hole um well it turned out that it took 15 years to get the verifiable
evidence published in papers that cygnus x1 was incontrovertibly a black hole a
stellar black hole so kip won the bet
hawking wager that if he would have won he wanted a subscription one-year
subscription to popular mechanics and kipp uh wagered a little more daringly that he wanted a subscription to
penthouse so stephen hawking bought a subscription to pet house and sent it to kip thorne
at caltech this is a very famous story um it actually happened
but it tells you how incredibly long it took to really verify the existence of
any single known black hole of the quite a number of candidates that existed by
that time however then the doors opened and just a
couple of years by the time the hubble space telescope was fixed its optics uh
there was a bonanza going on with looking at galaxies uh extra galactic
sources and there were lots of people working on this but john cormundy at texas and his
collaborators lewis hoe and others started finding lots of super
massive black holes in the centers of galaxies and the rotational velocities of gas and of stars
basically made it such that no there couldn't be another explanation but a supermassive black hole so by the early
to mid 90s it became clear that the milky way that the andromeda galaxy that
m106 and that lots of other normal galaxies had central black holes as engines
in them and that this was very common in fact now it's known that it's believed
that essentially all normal galaxies have a central supermassive black hole
except for dwarf galaxies which don't have the mass to have supported them and they also grow
and evolve essentially in tandem with the mass of the galaxies over time
although of course they go quiet later in their evolution as they're running out of stuff to to eat if you will hey
david i got a i got a little bit of a side side question you mentioned dwarf galaxy yes
sir i'm sorry are dwarf galaxies really galaxies just like dwarf planets aren't
really planets dwarf galaxies are really galaxies most of the galaxies in the universe uh from
what we see from local groups and clusters are dwarf galaxies just as most
of the stars in our galaxy are dwarf stars red dwarf stars outnumber uh normal what
we would call normal stars like the sun you know by by a large factor and the
same is true of galaxies there are at least 55 galaxies in the local group
there are probably a lot more though because a lot of dwarfs are obscured
by the milky way and so on there could be as many as a hundred galaxies in the local group but let's call it 55 well
there are three big spirals uh the andromeda galaxy the milky way and m33
and most all of the rest of them are dwarfs so that gives you an indication of how dwarfs outnumber
larger galaxies and and we think that's typical of galaxy groups and clusters
and uh for example the vast majority of the 400 billion stars maybe roughly in
the milky way are red dwarfs as well
um so it became clear that the that that most galaxies have a central
supermassive black hole and not to go on forever about this stuff but there was a whole generation later it became clear
that all the kinds of crazy high-energy galaxies active galactic nuclei
which were thought to be lots of disparate different kinds of weird distant things at first
seaford galaxies and bl certainly objects and and so on and so forth
are all uh galaxies that are powered by central supermassive black holes so
quasars are the very young very energetic galaxies that have a lot of emission
coming out of their active black holes they quiet down later on um in their
evolution generally speaking um so but so so supermassive black holes are
the norm in the centers of galaxies but they're not universal um for example m33 has no
favorite but somewhat difficult galaxy to observe uh low surface brightness but
close by spiral to us in our local group it does not have a central supermassive black hole so
there are exceptions but most all normal galaxies have them
stellar black holes however uh although the first one they were hypothesized as that uh almost a quarter of a millennium
ago um and the first uh confirmed black hole is the stellar black hole we know how
stars evolve very very well but stellar black holes remain to be
extremely elusive they're very hard to see you have to see them interacting with a
relatively close bright object so there must be millions of stellar black holes in the milky way galaxy uh
but we know of any guesses in the milky way of how many stellar black holes we
know of now does anyone want to venture i guess
zero still about two dozen cygnus x1 being one of them
so we've found a couple dozen out of what must be millions millions of them in the milky way i'm surprised at so few
they're they're hard to see hard to detect
so just to end quickly and i want to ramble on for forever here um but but
there must there is an important question that must be asked and this is something that
that fortunately with their involvement with starmus i was able to uh be involved in hearing stephen
hawking and and also kip who's still with us talk about um could you fall into a
black hole and survive well this is the staple of practically all of science fiction you know who wants to crush the
hopes dreams and aspirations of every good sci-fi movie or bad movie for that matter ever made
well you know we have to because we're living in reality here so
the the interesting but but it's different it's different than you might think the interesting part is that the
gravitational effects if you fell uh into what's called the the boundary the
so-called event horizon of a black hole a stellar black hole
would pull you into a string of protons that would be something on the order of
10 kilometers long your body so there's been a lot of talk of course of
wormholes of going into a black hole and coming out
um in a different place and time in the universe and using that as time travel
the most distinguished theoretical physicists including hawking and thorne have all written about that it's it's
not a lunatic uh idea from a mathematical perspective but a stellar
black hole would pull you into a string of protons so that kind of ruins your weekend regardless of where you're
headed um with a super massive black hole you could actually pass through the event
horizon without even feeling it without even knowing the g-forces that you're inside
a black hole briefly but then in both kinds of black holes um and this
goes for a third type intermediate black holes as well which we don't need to get into but the
singularity at the center of the black hole would then crush you into a into a microscopically small
particle so realistically traveling around and going
to places and using shortcuts with black holes to get to different and new star trek episodes
isn't going to work but but it's a fascinating thing to think about the physics and the mathematics of that and
what would happen if you actually do get close to a black hole it wouldn't be good
is there uh i i've read some over the years about white holes being like the
opposite side of a black hole is that kind of part of that yeah yeah white holes wormholes and and
again that's all hypothetical and it's it is grounded in some sensibility what
may happen but again mathematical possibilities and and real
logistics in the real universe for different things it's also there's there's some serious talk just to to
raise a quick analog about the black hole wormhole whitehole business there's
also talk relatively recently about you know this business of multiverses of how
we could hypothetically be in one universe among many that are in
if you imagine the large-scale structure of of super galaxy clusters that are in
fibers and have sort of bubbles between the fibers like like soap bubbles
you know could we be in a universe of many um and the conventional answer
there is well maybe mathematically and we'll never know because by definition
the observational universe is the one we're in and we can't see or detect beyond it but there is
actually some talk relatively recently from people about maybe there could be some mathematical signatures
from other universe that you could universes that you could detect somehow someday maybe you know it doesn't seem
likely i wouldn't wager my house on this you know or life savings but uh and and
the same goes for black holes as travel mechanisms i think these are these are
academic exercises uh for the mathematics but in the real universe uh
you couldn't do that anyway and the distances to get to them anyway realistically would require
significant fractions of all the energy that exists in the universe to to move
things like us with mass over many many many light years so so
it's all you know uh academic if you will hypothetical but it's fun to think about
yeah so my brain is is uh
you know wrapped around some event horizon right now so well i do really uh you know stephen
wrote some great books that talk about this a lot but but you know even though it's been out for a while kip thorne's
book um you know black holes and time warps if you're interested in this stuff is essential
that's really if you really want to have your mind blown from the from the surviving master of black holes he's the
guy who can really entertain you yeah maybe one day i can wrangle him onto our show
he's uh huge inspiration and uh i've had the
chance to meet him one time during the 2019 eclipse in chile so
he's a real gentleman so he's an extremely nice guy if you go to starmus you should be able to meet him there
yeah well i will definitely go to starmus so um i'm going to
make a uh you know a recommendation to read some books here
we have some um you know a book i uh often show here during global star party is david levy's
uh autobiography a night watchman's journey which you can get on starzona.com
it's a great account of his life um and uh and then we have um
very appropriate for this talk is uh david eicher's book on galaxies which is
uh dedicated to uh brian may who's also a good friend of david's and is a
huge supporter of starmus in fact i have another book here too
which is cosmic 3d clouds which i've shown on a few of these uh global star parties but this is
co-authored by david eicher and brian may and then later on we're going to have
jerry hubbell who is the who is the guy that manages the patrick moore practical
astronomy series and this is one of his books remote observatories for amateur astronomers if you're interested in
astrophotography he also has a good a great book on scientific imaging so
up next is molly wakeling molly i believe you are a solar system ambassador is that
correct i'm actually not but you're not no you should i should be here
you should be i need somebody to nominate me yeah i can think of a few people here that would do that so
um molly's uh presentation often she comes on our program and
sprinkles in grayed out live images that she's taking from her backyard full of
telescopes but she on occasion she gives also a
nice presentation and uh this time it's about how energy is made
in the sun if we're still on the topic so uh molly thank you for being a great
supporter of global star party and um it's an honor to have you on our show
thank you yeah i like i like coming on here uh as often as i do and um it's it's nice to to do some scientific
presentations on occasion as well although i really do also love sharing views from my backyard telescopes which
i'll also be doing tonight because it's going to be clear so hang out for some live views of i'm
gonna show uh m81 and m82 i think on my color camera so okay um all right well
let me share my screen
all right you should have my full screen version yup
okay um yes so uh so i'm working on my on my phd
in physics and um so i like to when the opportunity arises give some scientific
talks at stem events and stuff like that like this uh they kind of dig a little deeper
into the physics of stuff in space that we see all the time as astronomers
so i gave this talk the uh the dramatic undramatic title of how the sun
works [Laughter] for fun um all right so i
the the kind of outline of uh i'm starting to close my window here some noise coming from outside um the
the outline of kind of how the sun works basically is hydrogen fuses into helium
energy is released and that energy eventually works its way out of the sun and makes its way over to
us but there are some really important things to understand in each of these
steps that uh you might not think about on first glance for example um
hydrogen is a is one proton and helium is two protons and two neutrons
where the neutrons come from when i say that energy is released in
this reaction what kind of energy and the energy works its way out
how how does it work its way out of the sun and what's what's making that difficult
so in order to get into the exact process of what's happening in the sun uh it would be
beneficial for me to cover a little bit of particle physics uh to uh to kind of wet your appetite on that so um
so you're familiar with uh with the idea of atoms and at the center of of an atom
is the nucleus which is made of protons and neutrons and
when they grab onto electrons they become an atom and that's what makes up
anything and everything that we interact with uh ever in our lives
for the most part uh so um when it comes to the atoms uh make up
the elements in the universe so if you have one proton then that is a hydrogen nucleus and then
when it grabs an electron becomes a hydrogen atom uh but now the sun is is very hot so i'm
going to pretty much ignore the electrons from here on out because um they all have evaporated off of the
atoms inside of the very hot sun so really we just kind of have protons flying around
uh helium is the next in the periodic table has two protons and two neutrons lithium is next with three protons and
three neutrons and this pattern continues uh kind of
so you don't have to go very far before you don't have uh the same number of
protons and neutrons anymore fluorine has nine protons and ten neutrons
iron has 26 protons and 30 neutrons and then the heaviest naturally
occurring element is uranium with 92 protons and 146 neutrons the reason why
these numbers start to vary is because protons are charged particles
and sort of like when you try and push two of the same end of a magnet together
uh two like charges also repel each other so protons they can't they can't
hold together they need some glue to hold them together and that's what neutrons do and the more protons you get
the more neutrons you need to hold those protons together uh so that's why the
number of protons and neutrons kind of starts to diverge a bit and from there you get the entire
periodic table of elements with uh each one with a labeled by their number of protons and each having not only one
variant of how many neutrons they have but oftentimes several that's where you get radioactive elements and things like
that that have um extra or fewer neutrons than is stable
so i'm not going to get into into radioactivity in this talk maybe i'll have to do another one about about
radiation that'd be fun um but uh so let's talk about how hydrogen fuses in the sun and how we get
to helium from there because it's not it's not as straightforward as as two protons coming together and neutrons
coming from somewhere there's a couple of steps involved here so first you do start with two hydrogen
atoms or really just two protons because uh it's so hot inside the sun the electrons are are not there they're not
attached to the nuclei and uh a process called beta decay
occurs uh because uh diproton the uh having having two our
dihydrogen um having two protons together with no neutron
um it uh they won't stay together so one of the protons actually converts to a
neutron in a process called beta decay and beta decay emits an electron and a
neutrino and you get deuterium which is uh
hydrogen with a neutron it's it's heavy hydrogen and that's what heavy water has in it
um so so that's the first step you have these two hydrogens that become a deuterium and then a third hydrogen comes along a
third proton and uh attaches fuses with the um
with the deuterium with the deuteron and becomes helium-3 and that fusion
reaction actually releases energy in the form of a gamma ray and i'll get to what that is in a bit
um so so now we have helium three but we're still not too uh
to helium-4 which is what makes up the majority of the sun's uh contents
so the next step is is two heliums come together
two helium threes and those form a helium-4 which is the
the common isotope of helium and uh if you count up the protons and neutrons
you'd see that that in order to get to helium-4 we have two extra protons left over in that reaction
and those go flying off to go form more deuterium and helium-3 and eventually
helium-4 and we get a lot of energy out of that reaction
so that's where that's where this is where uh the bulk of the energy in the sun is coming from is this this series
of reactions known as the pp chain or proton proton chain
now there's a a continuation of this called uh
the uh pp chain two where you have a helium three from the
pp chain and a helium-4 from the pp chain and those two fuse together to
become beryllium-7 and that also emits some energy although not as much as the
two heliums helium-3 is coming together from there the beryllium-7 can capture a free
electron and uh and beta decay basically inverse beta decay
to um actually it's yeah it's it's electron capture and and you have a a um
a proton that converts to a neutron so now you're back to
uh lithium three and you get a neutrino and some energy out of that reaction but not a whole lot
and then that lithium-7 can grab a proton and very briefly become beryllium eight
but beryllium 8 is really unstable and and does not naturally occur
really so um that immediately falls apart into two helium force
and a ton of energy uh even more than than pp chain one
but uh this reaction occurs less often than the other one
so uh with the energy there are some other processes that also produce uh that produce energy in the sun by fusing
hydrogens and heliums and lithiums and things like that but they're much less common and doesn't
really make up the bulk so i won't go into it here when i talk about energy being released and i give it in this weird unit of mev
which is mega electron volts what kind of energy are we talking about here
so uh this would be a good time to bring up the electromagnetic spectrum
so i you we typically think of light as the visible light and the stuff you can see
um sunlight and um lights like lights in your home lights
from your computer screen whatever the stuff that our eyes can pick up
but there's a lot of other wavelengths of light that are things you're also familiar with but maybe not maybe didn't
realize were also light radio waves for example are a very long wavelength of light
where um the distance from from peak to peak of the wave of light is measured in
meters and then you have um what your microwave uses in between
radio and infrared on this chart and um that's on the order of a centimeter in
wavelength and very low energy then you get to infrared which is um
like what your tv remote uses to communicate with the tv and um that's also like like if you have
an infrared lamp you'll feel some heat from that um and then uh you have the visible
spectrum and then we go up into ultraviolet which is what the part of the sun spectrum that burns your skin if
you stay out too long x-rays and up to gamma rays and gamma rays are extremely
shortwave like extremely energetic uh wavelengths of light
and that's what we're talking about here with uh the energy that is emitted from
from fusion processes are are typically gamma rays now there's a little confusion in
between nuclear physics and basically every other kind of physics where we have this definition of gamma
ray as specifically being this this very short wavelength of light but in nuclear physics a gamma ray can be any
wavelength of light that is emitted by a nucleus a gamma ray could be infrared or
visible or even radio um we don't typically have radio gamma rays from nuclei because they're too low
energy but um yeah so that's a uh uh confusion of terms to keep an eye out
for but here we're we are talking about both we're talking about again a gamma ray that is of gamma-ray energy right so
that's that's something i'm i'm uh uh been in a nuclear field for a long time so they they basically lump
together x-rays and gamma rays together as what they do in the nuclear world and
yeah explaining it yeah because uh uh a lot of gamma rays are of x-ray energy um but then you in
order to differentiate from characteristic x-rays that come from um a
high energy electron transitions and stuff like that as well um so
yeah it's it's a bit it's a bit interesting uh how those two terms cross each other but uh yeah in nuclear
physics we typically uh anything that comes out of the nucleus is a gamma-ray even if it's not of gamma-ray energy
it's a fun time uh all right so uh finally how does that energy that is
created in fusion actually make its way out of the sun it doesn't just get created and then
head towards the outer edge of the sun and then out of the sun there's a lot that happens in between there's a lot of
mass in the sun and light interacts with with matter just like how um you
can't shine a light through a wall so uh what's happening here is um
so energy is produced in the core from from those fusion processes
the next layer up is the radiative zone where uh there's no thermal convection so you're not passing along heat like
you would in in your oven um uh or through the air but atoms are so
densely packed they're actually absorbing and re-emitting that light as as the light tries to travel through
so it's going all different directions in this random walk and it's actually the the light is slowly losing energy as
it's being absorbed and re-emitted and there's there's some energy loss in that process
above that is a convection zone where atoms are not completely ionized aka they have some of their electrons
instead of having none of their electrons which further slows the process of of a particular photon of
light getting out of the core because they're even more likely to absorb photons uh because electrons can't
absorb them in addition to the nucleus and then um
the in the convection zone you have cooler material
dropping to the bottom becoming hot again and then hotter material rising and you have this continuous uh
conduction process that moves moves material around then finally once your photon makes it
out of that mess it gets up to the photosphere where the light is emitted out into space
now i on the chart here you'll see that the photosphere is much much cooler in temperature than the core and
that light that was originally a gamma ray is now more most likely to be a visible light
photon that that temperature corresponds with green uh which is the peak wavelength of
the sun but because of the way the spectrum is shaped uh this uh
maxwell boltzmann distribution as we call it um you uh you actually it actually ends up
appearing white because it's covering all the visible wavelengths that we see not entirely evenly but but enough that
it appears pretty much white and then of course as you see here the chromosphere and the corona are much
hotter than the surface of the sun and we don't actually know why that is yet that's one of the things we're hoping to learn with the parker solar probe um so
trying to kind of solve that that interesting mystery so uh some some fun numbers to leave you
with at the end here is uh you know you look about the sun and yeah you know it's hot and yeah you
know it's big but how big and and how just how massive is this uh you
know relatively small star in comparison to some others that we've seen so um it takes so i mentioned how long
it it takes the how difficult it is for light to get out of the core well it takes 10 000 to 100 000 years for a
given photon to actually escape the core so it has to go through all these
emissions and reabsorption and absorption of re-emissions it knocks into all kinds of
atoms and nuclei and eventually tens of thousands of years later it makes it to the surface of the sun but
there's so much mass in the sun being converted that there's so many reactions happening that it is outputting continuously even though and putting out
a lot of energy even though it takes the song for photon to get from the core to the surface of the sun the sun fuses
600 million tons of hydrogen every second and four million tons of that is is
converted to energy and some of it uh we have um electrons and neutrinos and um
and other particles protons going out but uh a lot of that is is converted
directly to energy the energy output of the sun is uh a unit there is a um a an s side
prefix called yata which is uh 10 to the power of 24.
so the sun outputs 384.6 yatawatts which is
3 3.8 times 10 to the 26 so that's 3.8 with 26 zeros after it speed a lot of
watts yeah it's a lot of energy and uh to put that into another unit
it's a 90 billion megatons of tnt per second so that's um
uh like 40 let's see that's like uh four billion
uh tsar bombas the largest um uh nuclear weapon ever detonated on earth
per second so it's a lot of energy
sun is approximately four and a half billion years old its lifespan for this type of star is
about 10 billion years and as far as how it compares to the earth it's 330 000 times the mass of the
earth 1.3 million times the volume of the earth and 109 times wider than the
earth so it's pretty big big enough that
the uh the center of mass of the solar system is still inside of the surface of the sun
it's just got it it dwarfs the uh everything else is all the other mass in the solar system
is dwarfed by the amount of mass in the sun so with that are there any questions
yeah um i do molly um i wanted to ask you about the the process
uh by which the nuclei are held together it's my understanding that the strong force
is the force that actually holds the nucleus together and the correct me if i'm wrong this is what i'm asking that
the role of the neutron is to keep the protons a little bit further apart to
reduce the electrostatic repulsion and allow the strong force to do its job over the
short range would that be correct yes so so the strong force is is what's
holding those protons and neutrons together and essentially what's happening is the quarks inside of those protons and neutrons are
kind of are swapping with each other right and um yeah so it's the strong force and and the quarks within that's
that's uh acting as the glue for uh the protons and the neutrons holding themselves together yeah and a second
question also uh i mean i assume that in the radiative zone and certainly in the convection zone that you are dealing
with whole atoms uh and that the radiation is absorbed by the atom raising the electron to a
higher energy level which then drops re-emitting the radiation it's then absorbed in another atom would that be
correct that's right yeah so the ionized elements would be in the core yeah so the fully ionized uh elements
are in the core um in the uh radiative zone and and some extent the convection zone you have partially ionized atoms
that have some of their electrons you know there's going to be a spread of some that have none and some that have
all right thank you yup yup that's exactly what happens
there's some comments here from the group here
book davies is saying astronomy and physics are almost inseparable you can look all night but eventually you're
going to want to know why yeah yeah that's kind of the that's why i like
being a physicist who is also does this amateur astronomy is uh
because i can i can look at that supernova remnant or look at that uh planetary nebula and have some idea
what's going on there and the significance of it and how uh how amazing it is that there's all these
huge amounts of energy and force involved and distant scales and um whenever i do star parties and
outreach events and stuff like that i always try to sprinkle in some of those details um
like what's going on in that planetary nebula right to kind of give some more context of like here's this thing you're looking
at and here's what it is and what we know about it and and sometimes you know why it's an interesting object
some of these galaxies that we look at have some really interesting stuff happening in their cores and they're
studied a lot by astronomers and what can they tell us about how the universe was formed or how our own solar system
was formed right jeff setzer says while i learned how long it took
when i learned how long it took for photons to make it from the core to the surface
what we think of as the surface anyways i was blown away i've been doing astronomy since the 1980s but i've only
learned about it maybe five years ago yeah i i learned about it in when i was
an undergrad in one of my astrophysics classes of uh how long it takes
light to get out of the sun and i i was i was founder guess it i really thought that you know it was made and just kind
of shot its way out of the sun but i know that there's so much there's so much uh
nuclear electromagnetic interactions that are going on as it's making its way out of the sun that slow it down and
reduce energy and it's actually really hard for a given photon to get out of the sun
book davies is asking how do they estimate or how do they know how how long it takes for a photon to
get out so we know things about um about the interior of the sun that we've been able
to measure like um the density and the density of of the different
layers and the atoms and nuclei that are in each layer and we know from
laboratory measurements um how and also from from calculation
um like when a photon interacts with an ionized hydrogen atom what happens you
know how much energy is absorbed how much is re-emitted uh how likely is that
interaction to occur uh so we could take all those numbers that we know and
and apply some statistical processes and be able to uh to determine um
statistically how long it would take a photon to get out of the sun with all that information
great right let's see any other question if you'd like to
ah becca's uh making a
comment here if you like to see ir light you just need a full modified dslr
and look with live view or take a photo of a remote with a remote control uh
meanwhile pushing a button on it yeah actually you can do that with your cell phone because um they don't have ir
filters on them so that they can do um auto focusing in dark in uh darkness and
stuff like that um so uh with your with your cell phone camera you can see if
you put your remote control out the camera you can actually see the infrared light which is really cool that's cool that's
cool wonderful presentation molly thank you so much that's that's great thank you
and i'll be back on later with some live telescope views it's still daytime here but later on it'll get darker beautiful
thank you molly yeah so you all are hearing what are you hearing waves in the background
because i forgot to mute the last time i dialed in i'm actually out in the dark and i
thought of trying that but there's just a lot of clouds around um but that's an interesting tip i may
try it before i leave here or before i actually do my presentation
excellent so okay yep all right i will go back and meet all right adrian thank you and adrian
will be on later uh with his uh presentation about moonrise uh about uh
depending on how this program runs about ten o'clock central um
up next is uh john briggs uh john has been on the last several
global star parties and his presentation a long night at abinson scott south pole
station is uh is with us i have the i have the powerpoint here
and so i'm going to go ahead and pull that up but uh while i'm doing that john do you want to you
want to say a few words well yeah just a few words um um it was a great adventure of my life
getting to go to antarctica uh to operate some astronomy related
equipment at south pole station and that was uh how i i had a chance to get
involved at yerke's observatory in wisconsin this was in the early 1990s
and so the pictures that uh will be you all see in the presentation they're all
uh historical doubt because they're uh the the the uh the station at
south pole has changed a lot since 1994 but these pictures are still very
interesting to see and um um it was a center for astrophysical
research in antarctica that was funded by national science foundation and headquartered at yerkes observatory a
lot of people have been going to south pole station ever since
to pursue various specialties in observational astronomy
so go ahead scott and let it rip and if there are any questions at the end i'll be happy to try to address them
okay that's great here we go all right i'll bring that up
and bear with me here here we go
hello this is john briggs in new mexico and tonight i'm going to be sharing with
you one of the great adventures of my life back in 1994 i spent a whole year living
in antarctica at south pole station so tonight i'm going to describe to you
the long night at ann manson scott south pole station
the project i was working for at the time was center for astrophysical research in antarctica that was
headquartered at yorkie's observatory of university of chicago and this was a
center for science technology uh supported by national science foundation
you know trying to describe a year in antarctica in 15 minutes is hard
especially because in reality there were a couple years work
preparation even before my time spent there during the winter over but it's mainly the pictures
pictures i want to show you then so we'll get right into them and i'll move along
the uh aircraft to fly to uh antarctica are lc 130 aircraft and their military
transport aircraft and here's a scientist looking out one of the few windows
it was an interesting experience
you travel to new zealand and then you board the lc-130 in christchurch new
zealand and then you fly to mcmurdo base on the coast of antarctica but before
you land at mcmurdo base you fly over some of the antarctic mountains and see spectacular
glaciers like these the crevasses down there they don't look big in this picture from the altitude of
the airplane but the crevasses and the ice would have been big enough to swallow uh
buildings and houses but were we beside them
okay here i am the aircraft has landed in antarctica and it's interesting you
can see that there are skis that lower below the wheels that that is what is
special about these particular lc-130 aircraft they they have skis as well as
wheels then of course i'm trying to look cool there um uh and the glory days have long
passed these uh pictures were recorded now in the early 1990s so this is a
historical presentation as much as anything else but of course i was pleased to have this picture as a
memento and i showed it off to one of my engineer friends and he said oh briggs
at least maybe you could have buttoned your shirt straight
it was a seven hour flight from new zealand to mcmurdo and another three or three and a half
hours for a mcmurdo to south pole station but by the time you get to south pole
station seen here with an aircraft landing the topography has changed to what is
like a frozen ocean the altitude though is about nine thousand feet above sea
level because we now are high on the antarctic plateau
in 94 i arrived in early january and you tumble out of the aircraft inappropriate
clothing and you head towards the center of the base at least as it was then and the
sign says the united states of america welcomes you to andmonson scott south
pole station the geodesic dome as i recall was 160
feet in diameter at its base and it was nothing more than a wind
shield against blowing snow the heated buildings were inside it and
they involved a dormitory space laboratories uh kitchen and dining
facilities uh some administrative uh office space um
it was uh quite a place to live for an entire year
here's our winter rover chef ed standing in the inside circumference of the dome
behind him is is a chimney-like structure with a ladder that was an emergency emergency
escape exit we'll see a picture of that from the outside later
and then piled all around the circumference of the dome and those cardboard boxes
food profoundly frozen food
here you see how wind-blown snow would tend to bury everything including the big dome but in the relative warmth of
the antarctic summer diesel tractors could help keep it free from being
completely covered by digging out around the circumference
near the dome were these aluminum archways long enclosures
in this case they were housing fuel bladders that were about 25 feet or
so square on a side there's actually somebody lying down in
the far right back corner of the bladder uh second one in
and then further down on the right hand side someone walking away from us under the line of lights
to give a sense of scale the fuel in these bladders had been downloaded from aircraft and then
used for powering the diesel electric generators all winter long
compressing time tremendously eventually the sun got
near the horizon and some of the buildings elevated on stilts
cast long shadows like this
i was so hoping to see a long lingering green flash
phenomenon that's possible from south pole station if you're lucky enough to
have the long extended sunset on a on a clear period but unfortunately we had
clouds around the time of sunset so no 45-minute long green flash that has been
reported by uh observers on other years
so though it was stormy during our sunset when the clouds cleared after uh several
days we were rewarded with a beautiful full moon and a twilight sky
that then of course continued to last a long time because the sun remained only
a little bit below the horizon for a long time
the entryway to the station main base that we saw earlier with the sign above
it is now beginning to get encroached by blowing snow
and the temperature falls fast sometimes getting to well below negative
100 degrees fahrenheit not counting wind chill or anything like
that but the true temperature down to as low as negative 106 fahrenheit in fact
in 1994 when i was there here's an outside view of that
chimney-like emergency escape hatch that we saw ed beside on the inside earlier
and this picture was actually taken well into the winter you can see all the blowing snow
um and it was in fact below negative 100 the day i took these pictures and walked
around the dome
so what's it like to go outside after months of lingering fading
twilight and after it's become truly com as dark as it's going to get
at south pole station well let me show you
well you step outside through that door and the environment is
very alien with the wind-blown snow it's as though you are at the bottom of
a small crater on the moon or on some other frozen
world so up you climbed to get out and look around
and the view above the crater is something like this
that's a gamma-ray telescope there that was operated by university wisconsin
but you might notice the stars behind it well initially look unfamiliar
but the bright star immediately to the right that's actually serious and so you see the whole constellation
of canis major there above sirius in this case because at least from our northern hemisphere
perspective everything in the sky looks upside down
and by the way see inside the framework supporting the telescope there's a
central pillar coming up from the ground near the top of the dark central pillar
there is a pinkish object just to the left of the pillar pinkish because
it's the orion nebula this is a time exposure so the stars are
trailed remember the belt of orion is very close to the celestial equator
and the celestial equator at south pole station defines our apparent horizon on
the celestial sphere so um uh the orion nebula is about negative
five degrees or so so it's about five degrees above our
apparent horizon and sometimes aurora is raining down all
over the sky we are actually inside what's called the aurora oval at a place like south pole
station so we don't see as much aurora as you might guess but sometimes it was
like this by the way the plume on the lower right is actually the exhaust from the diesel
electric generator being illuminated by essentially a
an outdoor street light down there near one end of one of those
long archways that i showed you before
one of my duties was to climb this meteorology tower to maintain
microthermal sensors that we were using to measure air turbulence and thus understand the
astronomical seeing at south pole and that's a celestron 8 telescope set up
there in the foreground here's one of my uh favorite
self photographs from my time there i had been outdoors for maybe three
minutes but in such a short time the the humidity as i exhaled it
passing up by my my eyebrows and eyelashes
well it's the natural for things to freeze very fast the humidity and your
exhaled breath freezes right out of the air onto nearby little hairs and it was just the
way it was functioning outdoors at south pole
it was possible to use something like a celestron 8 to estimate seeing
but only by using acetone to wash a frost
off the corrector plate because if you left the celestron 8 out for a period of time
the changing atmospheric conditions well would just allow the buildup of frost
and we learned how to clean it with fluids like
allow wind-blown snow to pass under the structure and not bury it so quickly
we had built a 24-inch aperture infrared reflecting telescope at
university of chicago and here it is a covered over by a fold
away tent like structure we refer to this as the the baby buggy cover
here the baby buggy has been folded down to expose the 24 inch reflector
it looks like a daylight shot with cirrus in the background but it wasn't this is a time exposure and
that cirrus is what it looks like serious is actually bands of aurora
among our goals in 94 was to measure the brightness of the sky in the near
infrared but it was a wonderful coincidence that that same year 94 a comet shoemaker
levy 9 crashed into jupiter now looking at jupiter with the 24 inch telescope
the disk of the planet did not shine that brightly so here are six exposures
the two moons ganymede and io are shining brightly in the near infrared
around 2.3 to 2.4 microns wavelength the disk of jupiter is quite faint but
there's a spot on it labeled g and that was residual thermal energy
from comet fragment g having hit the planet but we were
feverishly taking exposures about once every 30 seconds as we anticipated the
arrival of fragment h and so as you proceed from the upper
left to the right and then across the bottom from left to right you're seeing
how fragment h came in uh essentially on time uh
releasing a terrific thermal energy that dissipated slowly um as as
the next couple hours went by
my good friend mr kerry vigue was the station electrician that year
and you see him here dressed up to spend a good chunk of time outdoors
and here's what he looks like having come back inside maybe 30 or 40 minutes
later he had been outdoors with a team of people looking for big packages that had been dropped for
us by parachute as part of the mid-winter airdrop fresh food
letters from home all kinds of things were dropped one day
and it was a real uh special and exciting day for those of us about 27 of
us in stuck at south pole station
here's one of my teammates in the carer project that year john kovac
and he is with the complicated apparatus for his uh microwave radio telescope
the device he has there before him is actually pointed downward looking at
a a tray of liquid nitrogen as a calibration source what he has there is
the detector for his radio telescope that was designed to look at the cosmic
micro background microwave radiation
here's our other teammate ken and john is smiling because
he had been working very hard all through the winter to make this apparatus work right and it
was a challenge given the difficult environment outdoors
here's a team carrying john's adjusted balometer out towards the radio
telescope this structure was actually the enclosure for the radio telescope and it
was called the sky shield the micro microwave radio telescope was
a smaller apparatus at the heart of the shield and that's john down there
working on it he spent a heroic amount of time
outdoors that winter making this apparatus work learning how to make it
work he has since become a professor at harvard university
but finally the sky was beginning to brighten
months had gone by i'll just go through some of these
pictures of twilight
keep in mind that the progression of twilight here represents
the passage of days not ours
that's the moon and venus
when the moon and venus lined up like this for me from the south pole of earth
it seemed like some kind of stanley kubrick moment right
unfortunately our actual sunrise was clouded out again
so there was no chance of the amazing green flash phenomenon that's possible
from south pole but it was still amazing to see daylight
return after six months of not seeing the sun
at all
many weeks later it's become bright enough and warm enough for the first
plane to return
janet phillips was our station manager that year and she had the honor
of guiding the first plane in
it's quite an emotional moment for us when this plane comes
oh the sound the smell of the exhaust everything about it is a very dramatic thing
and with this signal here janet's telling the pilot he's parked on
a dime he can feather his props and symbolically our winter rover has
ended by the way to the left of the photo
there's an american flag and a white sign down there on the horizon in the
distance that marks the the geodetically surveyed
location of the south pole
a new crew comes tumbling out
and it's hugs and kisses all around as the cycle of activity at south pole
station begins again for another year thank you for your attention
wow uh that was amazing awesome yeah completely awesome
yeah so that was amazing john i mean thank you so much for sharing that was just incredible you're very welcome
everybody it's it was a little tough i have never given the show um in in a compressed time frame like
this but i still think that even in just the 18 minutes or so we spent looking at those pictures you really get a feel for
what um some aspects anyway of of what life was like there and you i haven't um
i exposed about 3 000 slides over the course of my time there that year
and uh i've taken my 80 favorite in a slide carousel and
i've i've shown the slides countless times and only recently finally scanned them
but when i anytime i show them um via computer or still with an old
slide projector i'm inclined to turn it into a movie length presentation because
there are so many anecdotes to share about what it was like being there but i tried to move along uh so we
because our wonderful short subjects uh on these star parties it's obviously
it's the way to go but uh i'm real happy that it occurred to me to dig those out
to share with you all so there yeah it's great it's really impressive
john and i were talking about um uh you know the you know this hostile world of
antarctica before we before we put this uh before we started global star party
and uh you know i think that uh i mean it's got it's got to be very much
like going to another planet you know uh you know
the the extremes in temperature the precautions that you have to take
um you know our bodies are so susceptible to uh to you know those
those extremes and uh to go down there and to survive it and to work in it and to make it all happen
uh has to be very much like um what it might be like for the moon
colonists or you know and then later perhaps the mars colonists so
it's i'll share just a couple thoughts related to that and of course scott
you're absolutely right it is an other worldly place that was at the heart of the of the
adventure of it um we are the people there are so profoundly isolated
because it's just physically now not possible to return once it really gets cold it's
too cold for aircraft to land uh in the middle of the winter so you were really
stuck there for the duration um and so there are interesting psychological consequences
the best way to put it is after a while we all feel pretty darn burned out and
you hear about um cabin fever in alaska you hear about what they call seasonal
effect disorder um the the joke the jargon around the base uh of course we
all became intimate friends um but we just talked about oh man i'm toast i'm
really being toasty meant you're feeling a little burned out so
the reason i'm pointing all this out is as frequently as sometimes people in
popular culture today talk about colonizing mars and things of that nature sure people can go to the
moon and go to mars and all that but one thing i know is if people go somewhere like mars and
try and live there for a while there's only going to be one thing these people
are going to want to do after not so long and that is simply get back home to
the wonders of earth and the beauty of our nature are right here
so um sometimes the people talking about space exploration they don't understand
the practicalities the psychological practicalities of even doing something at south pole station in
a mere winter rover but it's it was really fun learning that first by
first-hand experience wow wow that's great john thank you so much for
all these great presentations you're bringing to the global star party it's awesome uh you know the
there are people here that are uh uh mentioning how how great of a uh a
storyteller you are you know but uh you know it's it's um it's maybe not too
hard to tell a great story when you've been on such a great adventure like john has i i show a lot of pictures
to try to convince people that i am not simply making it all up
right well okay so thank you john that's awesome i look
forward to more well uh it's it's time to bring in libby libby and
the stars she uh has uh she has grown not only in her abilities
to give presentations but she's actually gotten taller since i've met her
and that has you know that's been less than a year so libby's growing up and she's uh
uh you know i think it's awesome that she's surrounded by so many wonderful astronomers and so much inspiration
and and she gives that back to us in her presentation so libby i'm going to turn this back over to you
okay so i have a presentation to share let's see if i can share this
uh when i present so i decided to do moon phases because um
i recently i've been doing a lot of um moon phase observing
and um i have an amazing story to go along with this because
one of my neighbors um when i was first getting into shanghai i didn't even have my huge telescope it
was just my small telescope and um i was showing him
every night like the moon and um this is my best friend's um grandpa and i was showing him the moon
almost every um every night and um he would say okay i want you to observe where the moon
moves across the sky in different phases and
since then i've been on a huge hunt almost of all the like every
single time i deserve the moon i think about that story because it's just so amazing and then that's how i really
got into doing um a bunch of moon phase observing and
a bunch of that stuff and how earth orbits are or not
earth meant the moon orbits our earth wow that was the tiny twister but um
basically a moon phase is when the sunlight is like hitting on the side of the moon and
we may be able to see it and we may not be able to see it and um i love the new because it's just
something that people who are amateurs and people who are um
people who are like really good at astronomy like professional astronomers both can look at the moon
and um every single time i look at the moon i get the same wonder that i did
just from the start and i'll put my um 6.4 lens and into my domsonian
telescopes and it's every time that i put it in there i'm always just so amazed by the power of the moon and it's
just so beautiful and you can see all the little prayers and everything
and um i love the moon for that reason amazed even if you're a professional
charmer even if you're just getting into showing me and so um
and um the sunlight is hitting the moon on one side of the moon and we may be
able to see it but it depends on um how the um how earth
earth's alignment is for the moon because um if it's a new moon
then basically um we are if it's a new moon the moon is facing
the sun and we're seeing the side of it that's in the shadows and this changes when um earth
the moon orbits around earth so um i love this chart just because um
i think it's always a hard thing to explain and it's hard thing to get through but i think try to always help
so um here are all the moon phases so the new moon means that the sun is
facing the moon is facing the sun and we're seeing the shadows and it's basically
changes as um the moon orbits around us
because then we will be able to see more of the part that is in the sun and um
it just makes sense with all these and um i think the moon is just
such a wonderful thing because um there's so many things that um i love to observe on the moon
and i remember when i was first starting astronomy i was always trying to find um i was
very into space exploration and um i was always trying to find uh
all the little uh where the apollo flag was um i know probably be very hard to
find that but i was was looking at all the craters and i remember one time i took a picture
from my class of um the moon's shadow where it ends and i told my class a little bit for
like five minutes about the moon and um how it has shadows and how it orbits
around our um how to order ropes around earth and how
we see the different parts of the moon and um i just love to share that with my class
because um i think we were all amazed by it it's my science class and
my teacher loves to um have me share to my class too and i was telling them about
the um the moon is facing the sun and the sun's like right here
and so we earth is right here and the moon's moving around so all the shadows change on the moon
and it's kind of like if you go outside um if you go outside during the morning
you'll um you'll see your shadow is like very
very long because it's sunrise and then it gradually gets
shorter over and over and probably until about probably five or
six which is when sunset is and your shadow just gets longer and longer as the day progresses so think of yourself
as the moon and um think about your shadow so um another thing i love to do is uh
if you see over here this is a little bit easier to see you can see the craters of their shadows on it i love to
um i love to deserve that with my telescope and i just think the moon is something amazing to deserve
because whether you're a beginner or a or just someone who's been in astronomy
for a long time i love to deserve the moon and um just the other
night when i was observing with my telescope um i have my 6.4 ones in because um i've
been trying to train with that to do some more nebula observing with my big dobsonian
and observe the dramatic andromeda galaxy and i put my 6.4 lens in
and um i remember i remember the first time that i put my 6.4 lens in and i was
just blown away um i was able to see all the craters in the
moon and um it's almost like you're flying over the moon it's that close and i
could see the edge where the shadows stopped and i would be able to see the
different craters and everything and um i've been really like enjoying that too
and i remember sharing that with um my friend and her grandpa next door
and they were both amazed too so i just love string the moon and i
think that um i think that it's something
that the world will conquer and conquer more at a time because i know right now we are trying to get to the moon with
the artemis mission and um i believe that will sorta call me on the
main scene and mars because i know artemis is a branch out to mars
so i definitely think that'll happen soon and we'll get to spending even closer in the future generations
yes that's awesome there was a question if any of those photographs uh were you were photographs
taken by you i have a bunch of photographs of the moon um i just went misery the other
night but the camera wasn't working well with me and um i just those photographs weren't me um i
just took them from you know what nasa has and stuff like that i definitely love to share my name
together sometime because i have a bunch from um events from when i deserve and
the other day when i was deserving i deserve when my mom's i take my photos with my mom's
phone her little iphone and um it's way harder than we you think
because um so the light comes in through the telescope and then it goes into your
eyepiece and um the light that shows you that goes in your eye
it's so hard to get that lined up because um it's so hard to get it lined up with
your camera because um it just completely like the light around
it it moves and it's just so hard to get it like put on there and then i'll put my little
adapter on there and then the whole thing will shift completely it's just very hard to do um with a cell
phone i hope to get a astronomy camera soon and look into more of cameras but
right now i use a little cell phone and my mom's cell phone and uh
i remember i was on a meeting with some other sean emers for um my area astronomers and
mike wiesner came on and he shared about um some astronomy apps to take photos with that's cool so i try to use some of
that and do some more of that instead of having to use a camera that's
meant for earth and not space so levy do you know why it's it's so
hard to line up the the phone camera to the eyepiece you know the reason
so there's a beam of light that goes through and um you're trying to get the camera
lined up with a beam of light so you get the full view of the moon and um
i remember when i was observing the other thing um i have my dobsonian and my observatory tent
and um the light reflected on the tent because i had it almost backed up against the tent when i was trying to
get it lined up with the moon and um on the tent it was projecting
what the telescope was seeing that's cool and so um
and um there's a line there's a beam of light that goes through to the top piece that's like this and then goes for the
eyepiece and you're trying to get your camera completely lined up with it and um
it's very hard to do but i hope to upgrade tune to something that's a little bit easier to take it with um
i know there's a bunch of eyepieces out there that get rid of light pollution because i live
in the town that walmart was created so we have a bunch of walmart trucks coming and like when i'm observing at 12
a.m when i'm out there reserving with my telescopes and the light pollution
and it's always so crazy you know the reason
one of the things you can try is holding up a white card okay
and let the moon project onto the card and then photograph the card you can do that with your iphone
and uh yeah that would be a little bit easier than trying to get it over like a pencil
wide piece of uh beam of light you know so uh because the iphone
is used to seeing what you see on earth but they don't really get the concept that i'm trying to take pictures of
space right now and i don't want to take pictures of earth and what the camera
sees the basic iphone apple camera i want to upgrade to
what i really like but you know what it is yeah well it's
called that's that's called that beam of light is called the exit pupil and you think about the pupil in your eye right
it's quite large uh compared to if you look at a if you flip your iphone around and you look at the size of that camera
that the actual the actual camera lens is very tiny right so that that's the
reason it's so hard to get that small pupil if you will that's on your on your camera on your
phone camera lined up with the beam of the of the because your eye
is more adapted for an eyepiece right which has a wide exit pupil and that's why if you use a
astronomy camera they have a big sensor right so they they get the whole beam of light that's that's the reason why it's
so much easier to use astronomy camera compared to a smartphone
an astronomy camera has a camera that's good enough to
take in the beam of light because i know those are actually made for space and all of the basic ideas for dslr yeah
yeah that's the way i do it i think this alarm my big wildlife lives and i point
it right at the moon of course i'm not doing it tonight because i'm completely clouded out where i was but uh yeah it is one way to get
it there are a few different ways astro camera um and telescope you can do
mosaics and get really good detail like you do um
you your image of the moon that you had was fantastic i think you uh the last
star party so um there are plenty of ways to get it and all of them are good
thank you um i probably spent about 30 minutes trying to get the camera lined up with the
telescope and um i think i'm soon going to advance
all my telescope stuff once the world opens back up again because i know i'll be doing
a lot more astronomy once the world opens back up again i always tell my mom
if i ever get frustrated when i'm trying to get lined it when i'm trying to get it all lined up i always just drop the
phone on my chair and then i say you know what tonight i'm just going to
observe with my eyes and i'm like that's it good idea
don't ever forget that because that's a this is a perfect way to do it um the
moon tends to come back um we typically see the moon with our eyes as full even
though it really isn't and this is day two where it's as full as it's going to be and then it actually
becomes a really big waning gibbous but uh you get three days to see
a full moon generally and then each successive day you're seeing
a uh waxing or waning um you know a waning uh crescent until
it gets closer and closer to the sun and then the cycle starts over next month so
if you miss one night try again the next night and rest assured it'll come back
that's a lot better than throwing your throwing your iphone your camera and everything else into the lake because
it's hard to retrieve it and a lot of times it won't work after that so yeah yeah anger anger's not a good thing to
have when you're dealing with anything with the night sky a month ago i went to mount magazine
which is the tallest point in my state and we went on a huge road trip up there with um
my taska telescope um and i put that on top of the roof and i
just sat on top of the roof of the car because i actually got really scared
because of the bears out there there were bear signs all over so i wasn't sure if i was gonna make it once i got
out there and it was really dark so i had the telescope on top of the car reserving
and um i told my mom that night i was like i don't want to take any pictures of
them because um this is my first time really looking and observing for more than an hour when
i tasked a telescope and um i end up and i ended up um since i
wasn't so stressed i ended up uh being able to see neptune and i got to see the moon too again
and um i saw neptune i was like oh my gosh it's beautiful i can see like all the
different blue shades and colors and it was just so nice not to be shots
trying to take a photo yes that's also
something to consider when you see uh your first total eclipse of the sun
you know a lot of people get really stressed and anxious over that whole process of taking pictures of this total
eclipse and they miss the beauty and grandeur and the life-changing effect of actually
just watching it you know so um if there's a way to do both that's that's the best combination but um
in order to do both you have to be you have to practice a lot you got to be really really prepared because that it
just it just happens in a few minutes or sometimes just a few seconds and uh and then you gotta wait for the
next one and chase it somewhere else on this on our planet earth i mean
you can either think i'm gonna get a photo of this or you can either think
this is life-changing i'm seeing the sun right now with my eyes
yeah yeah i think it's it's worth doing both that's great
libby thank you thank you very much up next is uh chuck allen uh vice
president of the astronomical league and he is doing uh the astronomical league
is our door prize sponsor they uh they come up with the questions and uh
uh do with random selection the winners and
they do an amazing job they've been incredible supporters of the global star party um
and uh i have been remiss in counting how many times you guys have been on but it's
been a lot of times so and chuck allen is uh
someone that's also that's aside from just uh you know doing the astronomical leagues
door prize uh portion uh he's giving amazing presentations of his own and uh and i
think that's going to happen again tonight chuck i'll turn it over to you um
thanks for you know we've been going long tonight but that's okay um it's been really really
an interesting night and uh so i but i'll turn it over to you for the door prizes thank you
and i think you've got it backwards uh scott you have been the great supporter of the league throughout all of these
gsps and we greatly appreciate it as you know and john i'd like to add one comment to
you i spent a year in alaska northern alaska in the air force back in the 1970s so i know a good
what you said about uh being toasted resonates rather well uh
uh the long winter and the short nights uh of course we did have two hour days uh during the middle of winter at our
latitude but uh i understand where you're coming from on that and i really enjoyed your program
thank you very much okay so we will go now to
uh let's see here hold on just one moment please
okay we always start with a warning because some of the door prizes may involve items that you could use to
observe the sun and we'd like to warn everyone especially people who are new to astronomy to be very careful about
observing the sun because you can be blinded by observing the sun through optical
equipment without proper filtration far faster than your brain can react to
the fact that you're seeing light that's far too bright never observe the sun without professionally made solar filters that
include energy rejection filters securely mounted at the top front end of the telescope don't use makeshift
filters or solar filters that attach only to the eyepiece never leave a telescope or binoculars unattended in
daytime especially if children are present they will occasionally try to use them to observe
the sun especially if you're conducting solar observation be careful of solar eclipse glasses they
are intended only for use with the naked eye that is looking straight through the eclipse glasses at the sun not for use
with binoculars or telescopes and they should be certified
according to international safety standards it's best to buy them from reputable sources so you don't end up
with some counterfeit knockoff that claims to be certified always cap your finder scope so you
don't get burned in the cheek as you're observing the sun through a properly filled your telescope and
contact somebody at a local astronomy society find someone there who knows how to
observe the sun safely and they'll help you get into the process these are the answers from
gsp 42 held a week ago and the question the
first question that president carol org asked was what is the name of the bright red star here
in the constellation of scorpius and the answer is antares
second question is what is the name of the united states mars rover that arrived in february of 2021 perseverance
of course much in the news today question three what star appears at the
end of the handle in the little dipper and the answer to that of course is polaris pointed to
by the n stars and the bowl of the big dipper
the following individuals correctly answered these questions and their names were added to the door prize list and we
use a random number generator and award door prizes on the last gsp of each month and that would be tonight and i'll
announce this month's winners in a moment first of all though the questions for tonight this is gsp 43
and remember to send your answers directly to terry mann at secretary at astroleague.org
okay the first question this galaxy in virgo is named after a
type of hat what hat is it
okay question number two proxima centauri the closest star to the sun
what kind of star is it is it a red dwarf a brown dwarf a red giant a blue supergiant or a sun-like
yellow star multiple choice
and the final question a well-known star-finding rhyme tells you to use the
big dipper's handle to arc to arcturus and then speed on to what other bright
star okay that concludes the questions for
tonight and now to the winners who were selected for this past month of april
and they are book davies matthew walsh and andrew corkell congratulations to
you and carol org our president will be in contact with you shortly
and that concludes for tonight but i would like to add one thing scott if i may
we are in the process of preparing uh for astronomical league live six on
may 7th of 2021 again this is a league event you're welcome to join and it's
also hosted by scott who's very generously takes his time to assist us in presenting these programs
also be looking out for information about our uh upcoming virtual convention on august
19th through 21st of this year this will be alcon 21 virtual it will be three
afternoons and evenings of speakers virtual tours a slough presentation
awards to both our youth awards and adult award general awards for 2020 and 21 and door
prizes really nice ones that are being sponsored by our member societies uh will be given to people who register for
this convention and the registration is free that will be done on our website which will go up in mid-may and be
looking for more news about that and with that i'll turn it back to you scott thank you very much thank you very much
well it's always fun to have have our door prize uh
section here um i know that uh some of the questions sometimes they're
a little a little tough but sometimes they're relatively easy but you know the league
is there to get get your your brain going you know and to keep you focused on astronomy
our next speaker is pekka haltela from sweden uh pekka has been has joined
us on several different global star parties um and uh he's
recently been fighting and winning uh the fight against uh
light pollution um and so he's gonna give us a little bit of an update and
after after that we'll take about a ten minute break and come back with uh jerry hubbell
who will show us some astrophotography so pack i'm going to turn it over to you thank you scotty can you help me
yep like your t-shirt the nasa shirt is good
thanks okay uh so uh for two three weeks ago i got stuck by uh
and photon wasp i got a very high light pollution fever
and it's it's just rising and
uh for one week ago i i was sending a two emails one for
the green party the headquarter and one for the local politician
and i got the call a call back from her and
she knew a little bit about the light pollution and she
knew that she had seen emotion and
proportion for for the former parliament of sweden
and she promised to find it out and she found it and sent it to me
and i read it and saw that name
who had written that emotional proportion for swedish
parliament and got contact with her and she was extremely interesting
about my story about amateur astronomers and the light pollution we are fighting for
and she wanted to talk to me she
would call me today but maybe tomorrow otherwise i would call her
but i have a one document that i have google translated
for you to view and you can read that
that is this is really good news for us that our government
has um thinking about it say if i have to
make it more bigger so i can scroll it down when you have
read it this is from the uh left party we can say it's like uh
republicans i don't know we don't talk politician here but
this is the one of the biggest uh parties in sweden and one of them have
write this proportion
just scroll down a little bit so
it's just one one a page a a4 page
and you don't use that format in in us you choose letter format
i think can i scroll down
yes
my uh target is to ask her what has happened after this
has been written ninth 2019 august
and what has been this is which decision has been made if the
light designer has been employed and if not what is
stopping it and i would be hard i have written down all
arguments they can possibly uh make to me
it's included everything it's included all the medical costs and
treatment for people's melatonin disturbance and so on and i have written
down everything i can possibly think so if you have something mail me please
scotty has the email address yes or i can i can post it here if you have some
kind of questions or arguments they can come to me against this uh what i have been
told them that we think they should too so it's welcome so i have the
answer to them immediately becca have you checked out the international dark sky association
website yes i am a member of it okay perfect perfect yes and i am an advocate
also who's got an audience in pekka i mean um
excuse me cameron i didn't care well i was just saying it i'd i'd be happy to volunteer to read it out loud if uh
if no one objects if you want to read this yeah yeah
ah from beginning yeah yeah yeah go ahead go ahead yeah so city council
motion 2019 motion by sarah yes uh the city the
city should hire a city lighting designer to promote biodiversity so-called light pollution
is a problem that has been discussed for many years but which with continued urbanization has become increasingly
acute from the beginning was it it was
mainly astronomers who used the term then to eliminated cities got a kind of
artifact lid sc sky glow which meant you called that skype though
so-called yeah so-called uh skype sky glow which meant that you do you do not
can see the moon and that's a little bit spread
no problem no problem for us humans it is sad but not vital to be able to see uh milky way uh a starting starry night
but for nocturnal animals and insects which largely navigating for the stars is vital
the world is facing a massive extinction of insects and scientists fear that as much as 25 have already disappeared the
insects disappear like that if the pollutants disappear and then they disappear we will not
get any more food their survival is absolutely crucial to us humans
this mass extinction has several causes but an important factor is the light and it is also something that the city
of stockholm can influence can you scroll up yeah um to solve this problem the city should
adopt one lighting strategy and a lighting designer in the same way as we have strategies
today for other environmental challenges and both urban architect and city
gardener this lighting designer would be used at an early stage of the planning process
to provide lightning sorry lighting that increases security and aesthetic values
but also take into account environmental aspects energy saving etc with reference to the above i claim
one that the city commission the relevant administrator prepare one lighting strategy and two the city
creates and appoints a position as a lighting designer stockholm
very good uh becca this is yeah well well done well done thank you thank you
so uh let's see i have to stop sharing somewhere
but where where am i yeah i can i can help you
with that and you've got yeah thank you there you go thanks thank you
so that's my task to follow up that document what has been done what should be done
and so on and uh that's all for me today it would be amazing if sweden became the first
dark sky country you know yes yes and that's my target to begin with my balcony and that's ongoing i had a visit
from an electrician and technical advisor for
my landlord and he told me that there is no problem he will send a guy who will
attach some plates and turn around some lights
10 degrees down and from the parking place a little bit uh off 10 degrees
and i told that okay that's nice so it's ongoing those bugs you told me that
those high street letters yes they will
they will be down very soon
the receipt you know i have that left so i can leave it back and get it
but my light pollution tube filter is for sale
so if somebody needs i will send it to you yes anytime
anytime or the museum for light city lights
we had before so this is the antique uh equipment
astronomers used those days we had uh very much like
pollution so i will start an light uh museum someday
and show pictures how it how it used to be how you know how you used to be yes
thank you very much thank you thank you thank you all right bye-bye okay all right good night becca
uh we're going to take about i will stay up and join the after party okay all right
you know my my melatonin has dropped down so much because i have those led lights i say yeah
all right we're going to take a 10 minute break folks so get up stretch your legs makes a sandwich
have a cup of coffee uh you know and relax for a few minutes and we'll be back in 10.
hey scott yeah i want to test this out again
so can i uh sharing again we can do yeah yeah okay let me stop sharing
thank you for reading up that letter oh my pleasure becca okay thank you
hi adrian hey i am coming to you live from uh a
failed mission to capture moonrise unfortunately i have some other pictures
where i was successful i was just looking for 10 minutes ago on moonshot
yeah so we we're i think we're on opposite sides of the globe the moon did come up but it came up behind a lot of
clouds yeah i think that it was setting for me yeah
so it was amazing so i was yep i was unsuccessful i had everything
i had the flashlight right here um my camera is still attached
to the uh tripod and i just threw the whole thing um
in the back seat but uh but yeah this is uh this is my
we do it for real sort of um you know have the light showing right
there and i do have a couple pictures where i've attempted
moonrise but um i haven't gotten quite the perfect uh moonrise yet i've got a couple pretty
good pictures but i i'm still in search of a beautiful yet detailed moon rise and i've tried a
couple of different settings but you had to use i stumbled upon one you have a sunset
yes we have a sunrise a couple hours ago
yeah our sun set was at 11 3 hours ago eastern standard time it's set
and um stars were coming out but then the clouds came out and
yeah i have some i do have some interesting pictures but it's clouds lit by the moon
is all that i was able to get but a little bit strange to we are talking
right now and your sun is set and mine is rising well it's
i love it that's it yeah me too me too kind of helps with that
[Laughter]
those that are flat earthers for them the earth looks flat because their view is very narrow so all they
can see is flat so there's nothing to argue about uh we see and know about the
earth as being round we're able to think beyond ourselves and to me that's very important i mean
we don't just know our various areas of astronomy after
photography we share it and um you know we're not out to we're not out
for conspiracy theories so we want to we observe yeah
we're not afraid of the unknown though no i saw a documentary about the flat earth
conspiration team or group in in states and there are two percent of
of the population in in usa that believes still believes is that
true i don't know i think there is a small percentage
there's a percentage that believes and i know i'm probably yelling i'm sorry there's a percentage of folks that do
really believe the earth is flat yeah a lot of the flat earthers are
in love with conspiracy yeah and you know just don't trust any
authoritative figure yeah they'll say the earth is flat to be
contrary but you know it's it's yeah it's more of yeah it's more of a well they just hate
authority whereas there are people have you seen that documentary about
them they collect them uh many of them on the beach and they have a boat with the sail with
the stripes horizontal stripes and they put that boat to the horizontal
horizontal and because the earth is round so the sail was disappearing
behind the horizon and they asked that i still believe
because the boat was sinking below the horizon they
asked if this is the proof that the earth is round no no no no that's just
optical diffusion about the you know the vibration of the of the air
of the atmosphere use yeah use as many big words as you can optical diffraction
yeah um total luminescence of the
of the uh biosphere anything yeah it's
pri science that is proven has been [Music]
has been presented to peers it's been tested with independent study it's been
tested again and again if someone comes along and gives us an incredible proof
that einstein's theory of relativity is missing something
or is in fact wrong the evidence better be very solid because the theory of relativity has
stood the test of time however time itself we know can go
millions of years and in those millions of years there's no telling what we will learn should we still be a
species on the earth so it's all about being willing and i'm i'm someone who will say yeah glory to god i
go to church and still appreciate and follow science and try to
use the scientific method for solving problems it's um
it isn't just your you know your for science you're against it you
you understand what the scientific method is about and you trust the results that have been
handed down over you know over the years that we've been been around and
you know there's if you have no real way to disprove it
you accept um you accept all the theories that are out there so um
so yeah those are those are my thoughts on it it's it's tough to argue you know when it comes down to a whole
different question to everybody what difference is with star test and
collimation yes start
go for that i think cameron you probably you probably got this one
what's that yeah so i started testing actually is a method of
collimation is is that it can be used for combination of culmination
no no no is it what's the difference what's the difference between the two the collimation testing and collimation
well collimation is is the alignment of your optics you know for
um you know getting everything um effectively zeroed out where
uh your if you have a refractor you have all the optics uh in perfect alignment so when
you have a star um you know stars are are going to perform
at their best they're going to provide the tightest uh airy disc um
uh you know if if they're tilted uh then it's it uh you know makes the stars
distorted and uh angular and it's hard to get a good focus you know you you
really can't get a complete focus uh from edge to edge uh
you know with a um or or over its uh optimum optimal field
theoretical optimal field unless they're the optics are collimated uh star testing is uh the ability to
take a you know is where you take a collimated set of optics and
you can throw the image inside an outside focus and look at the diffraction pattern
you can look at the rings you can tell if the telescope has spherical aberrations astigmatism
uh you know turned down edge uh you know those kinds of effects um
you know so you're looking you're able to determine the optical figure uh
a large degree and some amateur astronomers are really good at it they can they can throw a star in inside and
outside focus and tell you pretty close what the wave front of that
optical set is so that would be the most experienced of the
star testing guys that i've met i love how scott you just jumped right in this is your passion i love it
that has nothing nothing to do with the optical test of first take a picture of the star in the
middle of the frame and then on the each corner of the optics
well when you when you are doing uh uh you know
astrophotographers i mean the the holy grail of rational photographers
is they have perfect stars from center to edge uh you know and so with
a lot of telescopes most telescopes it's going to require um a
some sort of uh corrective optics in order to do that because you've got you know schmidt
casts a green telescope you've got a curved focus okay so you need a field flattener there a lot of refractors you
need field flatteners um there there are um uh you know and so it is this curved
focus that uh that is the uh demon uh for most astrophotographers
uh and so they will you know they'll take a shot uh
in the center and then they'll look at this edge that edge this that you know looking at all the stars on the edges
and do uh pixel peeping as it's called you know where they're blowing up the stars you
know 400 or 800 times and seeing just how good they really are okay yeah and
um so that's uh because i i saw a program
or stream today from a finnish astronomer society
and there was a guy that had a 500 million millimeters skywatcher
it was an uh dobsonian and when he was doing his star test
and in the picture he could he showed us
behind the mirror there is those uh um you know where the mirror is
fastened all right so the mirror support structure itself is coming and you could
see those yes through the picture yes and there was
on the manufacturing of the mirror they had done something wrong no
that's not necessarily true that mirror could be fine but it's now held in this metal cell
okay yes yes you can see those yeah and you can on the picture you can all right so
uh someone that is concerned with that kind of thing uh would just take the telescope apart
okay pull the mirror out of that cell rest it back into the mirror cell itself
so that nothing's really squeezing down or pushing against it very hard okay the
idea is you just want to have it held in place so it's cushioned
yeah so you might you might use like cork or you know pieces of felt or something like that to kind of
just make that snug but if you start to nail that thing down you will see uh you will
see that the mirror cell itself will start to translate right through the glass
because the glass you know it's not really a solid you know it's it's it's somewhere in between a solid and a
liquid and um uh but if you relax that mirror you'll find that the thing will work out
very well a lot of the amateur astronomers also never let their scopes cool down to the
night sky okay um they they get the scope out and they want to start taking images immediately
well the the glass itself could slightly expand or or the the cell that's holding
it could be contracted or slightly expanding uh which can cause
these kinds of things to show up because i'm really confused about the start test
and collimination that i can that because i have a two csts yeah but the
star test because i was forced to release my uh my corrector plate from my 11 inch
because the secondary was loose it was rotating so i was i was forced to
take out the whole corrector plate okay and i mark it first before i took it out
and then i uh speak with uh talk speak with somebody here in sweden and
he was telling that you have to do an uh a really good start test
to that scope after i have to get out the corrector plate now i don't know
what star test is for uh there are books on it um
and you can you can uh probably see a lot online about star testing i haven't
found nothing you're found not nada nada all right well we there are there are
some excellent books on star testing they go from probably the 1950s or 1960s
on how to test your optics and and um just know
mostly what you're looking for you'll put a star dead center after you do a careful collimation okay and start
to bring the start down you know down down small okay it's still out of focus but small yes and then you want to push
it through focus and look at the look look at how similar or dissimilar
that that this fraction around without doughnuts not only not only how round it is because
this would be collimation i mean um in collimination you you have this
round circles like ear rings yeah yeah in your schmidt cassegrain you do yes yes and though has
to be exactly and when you push it in for you know in focus and out focus you can see when
it's but okay that's collimation that's called animation yes what you started
you find if you find that it looks nice and round as you're going in yes shadow of your second secondary like now moves
as you go through the other part of focus that means that the primary mirror riding in your schmidt castle grain
uh as it's going on the sliders as it's called the slider is not really perpendicular
okay yeah and so this is this is something that uh schmidt castle gray manufacturers have fought a lot okay
uh in getting the the right uh uh mechanics going and so it's it's um
uh but you know there's there's lots of lots of issues to consider
in uh optical design especially compound telescopes like schmidt gas grains
they're wonderful instruments extremely versatile very compact large aperture lots of good things
making them perfect is is uh when they are instantly a star tested
okay just one quick question okay the storage of the cst upside down or in
horizontal
i i would say i would say if you're really really concerned about how the grease on the
slider is the film of grease okay
if you want to keep that more or less concentric if you want to store it store it upside down okay
like i have um yeah but if it's really you know uh
i i have worked with people to have them re-grease their sliders and
put the scope back in and or the optics back in the primary mirror i mean where
you actually disconnect the primary from the focuser and all that um
it's uh you can if you find that you see some bumpiness as you're focusing what you
should do what you can do is just run the focus all the way in and out in and out in and out until okay it starts to
smooth out again okay okay all right good we keep talking about
this right hours but thank you scott all right we're holding up jerry now jerry are you uh are you with us yeah i'm here
can you okay can you hear me i see you in mission control there yeah yeah so uh
how do you feel uh how's your your arm tender or not
uh i can start to feel it now when i push on a little bit i can i can feel yeah yeah but but by itself it's not painful
oh that's good that's really good okay i was told it would feel like somebody punched you in the arm that's what it
felt like to me so but i don't feel it that way yet okay so
there was a couple things the uh so i got a real quick story about the msro observatory tonight i was going
to go ahead and use it on station one but myron told me today when i talked to
him earlier that we have a a small nest of four birds in in the observatory
at the in the dome so he powered it down okay
and um now i i'd used it last probably a week and a half ago or something like that
so he was gonna move the bird nest out and and uh with the birds and all but he
didn't do that uh today so anyway i've got it i've got it up and running i'm gonna show it show the
interface the uh desktop and okay a couple of pictures and i'm also going to
talk about uh a chapter in my book my first book
scientific astrophotography chapter 8 which is about environmental effects and how it affects
your equipment and and your yourself when you're doing your observing and i'm going to focus on
things to keep in mind when you're observing uh out
late at night especially in extreme weather somewhat extreme weather which kind of goes along with the theme
earlier uh that we had with the the talk so
let me share my desktop first and i'll share uh i'll share the observatory
uh
all right do you see that that's the desktop of the observatory yes
all right so um this i just wanted to show a couple of
images that this was an image that uh actually the session i had with uh
was pekka this is ngc 2264.
um which turned out this is a one three minute exposure
right but it's cool that you can see these dark lanes here just after three minutes oh yeah
and uh this is the nice this is a wide this is a the system's got the six and a half inch
refractor and it's got a focal length of 840 i'm sorry 851 millimeters
so it's and it's a wide fairly wide field view it's a 1.3 by 0.9 degree
field of view so that gives you some some idea of what we're looking at here it's basically you
could fit four moons in here uh pretty much
huge field uh so that that's kind of cool um
and then i took uh last month i use uh m67
to do some uh calibration of our filters the v-band filter
because there's a lot of uh the avso has reference photometric stars in this field
that i use and i also use uh the ucat catalog to to create a
a uh a relationship graph between
the catalog v-band uh magnitude and the measured magnitude instrument magnitude that's on
here so i can do a basically draw a do a linear fit and calculate the the
filter to the v-band reference basically uh and the catalog so this is these are
some images of m67 that you that i get with the scope
just to give you an idea of the some what the quality that we have on this
system this is taken with a so we got kind of an odd configuration
that most people wouldn't consider probably we've got a qhy 163
one shot color camera with a filter wheel on it and you're saying what the heck why would you do that
why not use a monochrome camera because because we want the best of both worlds right that's what we want we want
all in one instrument what we can do so that's another reason i do this v band calibration with the one shot color
because we're combining the pixels into four the four bare pixels into one pixel
it's a bin by two and it comes out very well i mean it's it's um very linear
uh so it's a so i've proven to myself that uh it's a good relation a good uh
a good practice to use a one shot color as a v-band
filter now you're not going to get as much light of course as you would with monochrome because a bear pattern
filter array filters a lot of the light so it's not quite as sensitive but this camera is uh in the monochrome
version is is a high uh it's a back illuminated camera so
it's kind of like using an older camera in a monochrome mode probably a camera that's like 5 or 10 years old
but again it's good enough uh in terms of that and types of work that we're doing
uh with the filter wheel so i just wanted to show that uh
what we're doing there and so let me let me stop my share and select the other
thing and i've just got some talking points that i want to talk about in the in the book i'm going to show
so this is this is the cover of my book and then i'm gonna go to chapter eight
and um which is on page 131
right so this chapter
is about environmental and external factors that impact your imaging and this covers
not just the weather conditions and things and there's uh this chapter is one of my favorite
chapters in the book actually because it's got such a wide variety of information
and uh it talks about one of the best weather conditions for
deep sky imaging you know for lunar solar and planetary imaging there's there's different things to keep in mind
and i talk about some sources of weather data and one of the major ones that we use
here in the united states is the clear sky chart uh that attiladenko creates and that's a
great resource and that's derived from weather data from the canadian meteorological center
and that's what that second graphic shows uh let me zoom up on this a little bit
you can see that better so he takes data from the canadian
meteorological center and and um basically distills it down into this
chart which is a great resource so that's something for beginners if they want to
start looking at their weather conditions and understanding how that impacts their imaging then this is a great great
source in the united states
[Music]
skippysky.com i don't know if you've heard of that in europe
skippy sky skippysky.com
it's europe and australia it's kind of cool yeah i don't know if it's still in service or not i wrote i wrote this book
about uh eight years ago nine years ago now so
that's something that's a tip if you want to check on that anybody out there
so i talked about impacts to the equipment that's that's me out at 2 30 in the morning
at about minus 6 degrees celsius 21 degrees
um and just sitting there for hours on end you have to walk around
you have to get up and and keep yourself warm otherwise it's um it's not good
so the main thing i wanted to talk about is this part this section here 8.5 the
dedicated astronomer knowing when to call it quits for the evening so i was
when i first started astrophotography after getting into it when the technology came along 10 years 12 12
years ago i jumped in it with both feet and i was really passionate about getting out
there every clear night and so you get excited you get the passion to do this stuff but and you
don't know when to quit okay that's something to consider uh
because you're in this for the long haul you know
everybody gets impatience and that's the biggest thing that astronomy ever taught me was patience
just especially with the weather you know the weather is what what drives you nuts um you think it you think every time
there's a bad weather day it's a lost opportunity but it's it's kind of a blessing in
disguise because it does teach you something and teach you that there's time to do other things with your astronomy gear not just take it outside
and try to use it because when you're a beginner you typically don't understand how
important it is to do you know 10 hours of work inside for every hour here that you're out in the
field you know to get your equipment working right so you don't waste any of the time that you're out in the field
and at this time the first four years i was taking my system up and down i was
building it and breaking it down every time i took it out every night and that that really works on you
so one of the things that uh
one of the things that can get you hung up and get you frustrated
is uh if things don't work right all right
right and you get so frustrated but you want to fix it right you want to sit there and solve the problem and if
you're if you're into this for about six months and you think you know pretty much everything you need to know
that's when you discover that you don't know everything
and you'll beat yourself in the head and you'll spend two or three hours trying to find a problem right and trying to fix it and and you've got to know when
to quit basically right it's it's like a lot of uh
skilled um lifestyles or hobbies um
like i used to be into scale modeling as a teenager okay and so we would build
uh ships and very intricate things like um
one of my friends was into building p51 mustangs and he would make the instrument panel and working controls
inside and seat belts that worked and i mean everything all the way down to the rivets on the airplane you know had
to be authentic and uh he was extremely skilled in making uh
uh you know scale model uh things but one of the things he taught me was he
said you just need to know when to stop and walk away
he said because you keep going you'll mess it up you know and that's right that's true in astronomy as
well you know and you get yeah you get you can go down that rabbit hole and and and tell yourself and i've had many
people tell me scott i'm an engineer scott i'm a doctor scott i'm a lawyer scott i'm a scientist i should be able
to understand this okay and and uh and they will it just takes well right it just has to happen for
them it's a different it's a different animal from different stuff enjoy the journey enjoy the journey
enjoy the journey that's right that's what the hobby is about right it's a journey that's right that's right
you're on it i learned that an exploration of the universe and your gear is part of it you know so
mastering the gears yeah yeah i learned the hard way that uh i
started planning if my gear doesn't work tonight i'll just i'll go manual i'll
just look up i'll at least make sure that i'm not leaving a park with a beautiful sky up here i'm
not leaving upset because of my equipment right that's right what i have learned is that when
you have a good image don't touch everything
don't do anything nothing yeah the perfect here the perfect just
get it all dialed in that's right yes so and it's kind of a
yeah sorry go ahead oh no i was just gonna say it's it's it's the balance between quality and
quantity i mean when you're first doing something you want to do as much and absorb it all and and
just drink it all in right and then and then you're just trying to do all the check boxes and then
and then later on you want to kind of enjoy it like a fine wine or whatever it's like you don't want to guzzle it down you want to
you want to you know just try you know for example a little scope i love little slopes i used
to have an 18-inch job and i'm just loving to just seeing and and
seeing what i can see with a small telescope you know familiar objects and it's just so
so enjoyable you know well that's right and so one of the things you'll find that i've found
over the years is that you know you talk about world class what does world class really mean it means getting your skills
and knowledge to the peak to the peak right where you can use any instrument
and you'll push it to its very limit you know more than the equipment basically you you know how to use the
equipment so well that's that's what a world-class to me a world-class server and imager
does they they push the limits of the equipment to the max musicians do that with their with their
instruments you know and they they go from from making sound with them to playing them
you know right so you may not have as good equipment as the next guy his images looks a lot
better than yours but this the limit is the equipment it's not your skills that's the thing
you know well yeah like like i took a 200 telescope and i put a 400 eyepiece in it
and it it is amazing it's it's fantastic
you know that's right because it's wonderful and you put it on a 500 mount and then
it's even better right right so one of the other things that you can run into as a as a somewhat a new new observer
is that uh you'll start out you're you're uh
you're basically just playing around at some point you're basically going from one object to you're not
doing it what i'm saying is you're not doing any planning ahead of time on what your what your goals are for that
session you don't have any you don't have any real goals in mind you just have i going to try to find this tonight or i want to just search
around this area of the sky and look and see what's there that type of thing but as you go along
you'll start planning your observations you want to make the best use of your time under the sky especially when you're in the
astrophotography that's when you really start planning and understanding making sure your equipment works well before you take it
out and then and then at that point then
you'll have a specific configuration set up for your imaging and you'll you'll you'll start to try
you'll you'll revert back to your old days when you're just a beginner and you say well i want to try this and you'll start taking your stuff apart
in the field that's a that's a bad thing
you'll frustrate the hell yes frustrate yourself right you'll you'll say well i'll just make this change and i'll be
able to do this or that whatever you're trying to do don't do it tis folly
yeah it is exactly and that's right and then you have to step back and say no no i can't do that
you'll learn that you'll learn that a couple times yeah when you try to do that you'll learn the uh
that there's a time for everything um yeah and that same goes with with
buying it your your gear right i mean you you you want to get the most use the best telescope is the one you use right
right that's a big big piece right so you you like you said jerry i mean we
just keep on you you just you start learning all the
the capabilities of that and then you say oh i need to add this and then you add that instead of buying it all at
once i mean it's nice and you get excited but with experience it's really nice to be
able to just gradually add and then and really tune the capabilities right and then you'll know
when to replace something too you say well i push the limits of this scope i need to some i need something that's
better yeah and you'll be able to recognize that yeah a few people actually have pushed have pushed their equipment to
its limits though um and you see that with um people who
have done uh who've gone past what a lot of people would think of the boundaries you know
uh telescope manufacturers are famous for putting up numbers like um
magnitude limits and those kinds of things on telescopes i have visually
seen 15.5 magnitude stars through an eight-inch schmitt casa green before
okay you have to learn how to observe we have people that are
amazing astrophotographers you know one of the guys that stuns me
again and again currently is jason gonzale he is known as the vast reaches he uses
um he uses an achromat not an apocrymat okay an acromet that was not really
designed to be an astrograph and he makes mind-blowing images with his achromat you know and narrowband filters
so recently he's upgraded his focuser to he put a precision moonlight on there
and uh it's just giving him that that little bit more sharpness you know because everything's held a little bit
steadier and and all the rest of it so it's uh it's amazing to see that and so you know
uh it is a lot of times it is about uh you know once astronomers think think
that they have reached the limits of what it is you know they should take another deep
dive back into the basics and push as hard as they can to see if
they can go a little bit further you know and uh right and if they do that a lot of times
they're surprised hey wow i i did i did capture this data or i did see this you
know so well and then and then the other thing is that once you've got these the skills and knowledge developed on the
system now you know you have really good knowledge of that equipment right so now you can start
inventing techniques to do different things right in addition to the hardware you
can take there's also the software side of it you can you can take a set of data
and process it early early on in your travels and
it'll look you know okay or terrible and then reprocessing terrible get a whole
new get a whole new thing out of it like i recently reprocessed some some uh my
first uh one of my first narrow uh hubble hubble palette narrow band images i took um
like two year two or three years ago the first process i really didn't like at all but using new techniques in pixel
sight that i learned on the astro imaging channel i was able to make a really stunning
image out of a single night's worth of narrowband data oh wow that's great and right yeah so you can go back and
recross this whole data that you thought was bad or uh you just or you just didn't have the skill to do well with it
and then get something awesome out of it later on when your processing skills better
right yes astronomy astronomy is all about appreciation it's it's really about appreciation
appreciation of nature of of uh limitations what you have right
we the the stuff that we have the the capabilities in our in quotes primitive telescopes that we you know
that we have are just amazing compared to what we you know what they had in the past so
just that appreciation and that knowledge uh growth and uh and respect for
what what what the limitations of everything is so one of so one of the last things i have as a tip
is uh another thing occurs when you're when you're having a great session
and you don't want it to end okay you're just having such a great time
you've been out there for six or eight hours right and and you really you really have you and then you have to
you have to spend an hour to break your stuff down before you can even think about going to bed right right that's when it gets difficult you
know you see yeah it's like lost opportunity but it's not really because you're starting to get tired you're going to
make mistakes you're going to really you're going to run over your toe yeah you're going to do something you
know to screw yourself up and that's one more thing one more that's right so you got to really be disciplined and learn how to stop
yourself right matter what's your passion it's all about patience right this is a long time this is a this
is a journey like we said before it's not about any one night
my wife reminds me the universe isn't going anywhere right exactly we're still out there so uh you
basically you know when you're a beginner like i was i
wanted to be able to do stuff the same night i got my equipment basically which is folly
you know you got to spend at least a week probably if you if you know this most beginners don't know any
of this right that's why i wrote this book so people if they have the patience to read the
book then they'll understand at least some things to worry to think about but again that's not the way it is
yeah and so you just have to coach and mentor beginners in their astrophotography and and tell
them what's important and del i've noticed i've talked to a lot of customers of our equipment they they
have certain ideas in their head and what's important and what's not and it's it's kind of backwards sometimes
you know they don't they've read the stuff on forums and other things and they get a wide
gamut of of opinions about certain things and you know at least half of it's wrong
probably more but you know i'm being generous probably uh but so that that's that's the last
tip i would have just just learn patience and it'll teach you patience regardless the reality will
smack you in the head and teach you patience uh even if you don't want to want to
have patience and discipline discipline in your um and the way you use your equipment is a is a big thing
yeah that's that's about all i have all right jerry uh if i may uh i'd like to
add one thing about weather since that's critical obviously to imagers and observers alike uh can i
just share the screen for just a moment sure um there is a site called spot wx it's the
spot wx.com and you just type in let's type in
i'll show you the information that provides let's type in santa fe new mexico
and then down here there are a series of menu items 18 hour 21 hour
3.5 day and 10 day are the ones i use now the 18 hour will give you
temperature and relative humidity and also the dew point so you can calculate
here for example okay i've got a 5.5 degree centigrade difference between dew
point and temperature which means you're not going to have dew problems right down here it shows high mid and low
level clouds you can see here it's going to be clear from 12 to 2 and then you're going to
have mid-level clouds coming in here and you can use it for uh advanced planning like the 10-day
forecast here will give you some idea whether you have you know a clear night coming up on may 4th for example now
that changes obviously but it's a great site i travel 72 miles to my dark sky
site i've done that 73 times in the last two years and i've only been clouded out twice out
of 73. wow i rely on clear skies and wx if they agree it's going to be clear i
can leave in a driving rainstorm here and it'll be clear so just another
suggestion actually good i wrote that down i thought yeah i shared that with the
audience here too i got a screen capture chris larson says i feel like i'm trying
to drink from a fire hose sometimes but the joy discovery far outweighs getting wet all the time
you know that's when you find out that's that's when you have an interesting time when you when it starts raining on your
equipment and you're trying to break it down faster twice as fast as you normally would that's always fun
tony day lives in united arab emirates and uh he's from the uk and his
telescope's in the uk and he can't get it and because of the pandemic situation but uh
you know i advised him in the next few months that probably it's probably going to be possible for him to have his scope
again he he came back with uh mentioning he said in the meantime i
love watching the explore alliance star parties from the uae and avidly keep an eye open for the party days
that's great tony thank you very nice that's testimony to all all of
you that are presenters on the global star party and the people who have uh been uh the guest
host of the global star party it it is a uh yeah i i
i think it's wonderful and um uh you know that we have such variety
and so much knowledge coming from this group uh coming up next um
is uh is uh adrian bradley adrian's been popping in and out here he was
trying to have a live moonrise
event for us but uh didn't happen it didn't happen yeah he's the patient yeah it got clouded out
yeah i know the uh the sights are out there i actually had a moment where
the sky was clearing i looked at some of the services and saw there was going to be a brief moment during moonrise
where there would be a clearing so i took the chance and although i didn't i haven't taken the
images out of the camera yet never did see but a small sliver of the moon
moving between clouds but um so one thing that
nightscape photographers will do so i'm sitting in the car right now doing the presentation i'm heading back
chuck you say you'll drive 73 miles to your dark sky site i'll drive 156
right and i've enjoyed every yeah i'm i'm probably going to be driving 73
miles after i do this presentation listening um you know listening to the rest of the
presentations it's something doing nightscape photography is something that's grabbed a hold of me it's become
a niche that i've enjoyed going out to sites with just a camera a
tracking mount a sturdy tripod um a couple of lenses um all fast lenses
f28 aiming for a particular part of the sky doing some long exposures some tract
exposures and seeing what i get but um tonight's presentation was on
moon rises because i hoped i'd get another one um
so i am going to share let's see i should probably not share my
screen but i guess i'll do it um let's see what happens here [Music]
all right so it's trying to share everything on my screen hopefully you're not still driving nope
i pulled over because i said i'm not gonna try that so can everybody see the uh
this uh moonrise photo nice yeah it's nice oh no yep so
yeah with the turbines windmills so this is back in michigan
um so this is a place called lake erie metro park um in michigan a lot of what i've tried
to shoot um and by shoot i mean taking photos it's been around michigan where i can
drive for sometimes two hours three hours five
hours if i want to go to the upper peninsula and take photos these particular photos
were taken this is moon rise over a channel that joins the detroit river
and lake erie and it's a metro park so i had a couple of these caught some birds flying across
the moon okay yep i also do wildlife photography for fun when i'm
if i'm not doing nightscape photography there's a group of ducks flying across
so this is a this picture of this orb coming out of something blue
was a poorly processed uh orangish moonrise coming just out of the
lake um so obviously part of the reason i want to do moon rises is because it needs a
little more work i tried it again it's um this was taken with a larger lens
and um you know the movement visually
yeah if you see the moon rise for yourself with your own eyes it will be stunning i've seen both the
sunrise and a moon rise come out of the particular part of lake huron
this is this is a little bit better i think but it purposely blew the moon out
just because i wanted to capture the scenery around it so the moon had risen the light pillar
coming from it um yeah i'll explain that light pillar it's not the real light
pillar it's a grain of dust that i didn't know was on my lens i took a couple other lenses
yeah if you have a small grain of dust and you haven't cleaned your lens and
you take these pictures you basically produce a light pillar type of effect
and i since i had taken real light pillars i had to make sure that it was real
you know was that because they think it was cold that night and so you know i was thinking well maybe it's a real
light pillar and then i used a different lens didn't see it and said okay
it wasn't so yeah there's a it looks like a light pillar but it's the effect of having a grain of dust on
your lens it makes for a cool looking image it isn't necessarily although the moon
really is this size it was really that size when you saw it naked eye and so this was a this is a
composite picture in an attempt to make a beautiful image some sometimes we we make images other
times we try and be accurate with what we see this is another example of just
using moonlight as the moon's risen pretty well by now it's up
and uh using moonlight to illuminate the uh your surroundings and produce
this sort of effect with your images where you've got the lighting the shadows it's a long exposure so the clouds
stretch out and you can still see stars when you're in a dark sky area you'll see stars even when the full moon is out
and with your phone and you take a picture as it rises and if there's crystals in the sky you see the halo
going around it and this is a very recent picture blue hour behind you the sun is setting
it's below the horizon and blue hour starts the moon has risen
and there's a group of there's a tuft of clouds around it you can produce pretty neat effects this
one with the sort of the moon burst depending on the settings you use uh the
highest um number narrowest aperture on your dslr camera
will produce this i also shot this low to the ground so that the water the angle
would you would have a certain look to it but um that this is a fairly recent image
this is a fairly recent image of just using the moonlight the moon doesn't appear here it's higher up
but this image i believe was shot at an aperture of f8
for those that are out there that do photography you may recognize that aperture is something you'd use during
daylight with the moon out you can shoot
you have to use longer exposures because it's darker but you can use all of your other
settings can be daylight settings i've even shot with a with an iso of 100 which
when it's dark like that you normally don't shoot um at 100 but you can depending on how
long your exposure is so it's there there's a number of creative things you can do
yeah that this is my favorite place to go whenever there are no clouds and
it's moonless it is nice and dark it's about a portal three sky so yeah and this this is the lens i
picked up recently that i shot this with uh i had it out tonight and um
unfortunately there's no moon to test it with this is my surprise shot i took a lens i
shot at the moon as it was appearing this was um some months ago i think the moon was
appearing out of the clouds and i managed this shot
using the narrowest aperture that i could f-32 a five-second exposure iso 116 at an 80
millimeter 80 millimeters a lens that was capable of f2a
had it all the way up fired this as i was leaving because i was mad i couldn't get the moon
lower to the horizon and i ended up with this oil painting looking shot with
detail in the moon so i've saved those settings i was hoping to try them again
tonight the moon was the clouds were too thick the moon wouldn't show
but i thought that was interesting that i could get this sort of detail
on the moon and if i blow this in it's gonna it's gonna fade but um
but yeah there um like uh i think jim hubble saying
once you've learned your equipment to a point where you can start experimenting and trying different things you're not
afraid to try it i'm asked all the time about settings and i'm always happy to provide those settings they're kind of a
starting point for you know what it is i'm visualizing what those settings are
and using those to um try and capture what i'm seeing in front
of me and i think this was the last photo i'm glad it was because that was the one
i wanted to be the last photo so now i have to figure out how to stop sharing there we go
and that's awesome let's see yep that was so
i have done some moon rises i um yeah it looks like my light went out so
it's just you're not gonna see a light here we'll do this there we go yeah that's this is my light um
on location um part of the joy is just chasing
chasing is a joy i i'm living in a condo you know i have a wife who says if
you're gonna go out there you know just come home safe um driving here and there
and sometimes the chase is just as much fun as acquiring the image sometimes you
acquire an image that surprises you sometimes you change your camera angle so you're not
looking down everyone um so it's um
if that's the passion and a lot of photographers just not even just astrophotography or night skate
um the passion is um you look at you look at what you've got in front of you you compose the shot in
your mind before you begin to set the shot up
because unlike just going after a particular object slewing to the object
and seeing if you've got it you're looking at an entire landscape or
nightscape ahead of you and if you know what the night sky is doing you can say okay i know the difference
here i know that this is rising i want that in the shot a lot of a lot of shots
i'll take of the night sky if orion is somewhere near there i'll try and line it up so that orion's in the picture
so there's um that's part of the fun and it's um
yeah this is that's cool that's i'll probably be doing so yeah so that's my presentation chaser or
something it's you know from the field it's awesome that's i love it but that
yeah it's it's a it's an um well i'll just say it's a passion
it's a passion of mine to see what i can get yeah that comes across well there you have it adrian have you yep you look
like you might be in a region in the northern peninsula where you could get some auroral shots if you tried any of
those yet i have um i would love to let's go to photos
because i think i have one i can share um i'm gonna find it and then i will move on to
let's see i'll share a couple of pictures i'll share that one and
zodiacal light i've already had a picture that surprised me that i actually had one of
those and where'd you see it could you see it yourself that photo
uh yes i could all right so
that is a processed milky way that i took at on the uh
upper peninsula a portal 2 sky and
there's the aurora from that same site um i happened to be there the spring
solstice in the thumb of michigan looking north and noticed there was
something going on out there and i aimed the camera at it and fired
after a couple of shots to get the stars all lined up i went in and i i started i basically i
had never shot aurora i had actually never shot aurora before that night
so i used settings that i said okay well i know what i use
just to get stars to view let's try these settings and within a couple of shots
i had a picture like this so it does pay to know your equipment and i
have old equipment too this is a canon 6d powered 12 year old camera but it's a
full frame and it's one that canon canon staff have said the 6d just
was really good at low light shots and then uh the lens i used was a um it
was a wide angle f28 lens so it i think it may have been an old 17
millimeter i have a 14 millimeter now but um but yeah there's when the skies open up
it north it makes it worth it to drive out that far so it's
it's a it's a great thing yeah thank you um it's all right welcome it's a it's a
little different from your classic astrophotography there's uses for both and there's use for a dome light that's
what i need right now there's dome light yeah i'm gonna i'm gonna be listening as i head hit the
road and uh listening to the rest of the presentations and enjoying the banter because i'll
probably still be on the road when the after party starts but uh once again scott thank you
for uh having me on and you know we met you with what we have
come back and uh i will i have a light pollution um
an idea for light pollution that i may do at another feature presentation i've
taken a milky way in a light polluted area and then that shot you saw at a
dark sky and the the differences are pretty amazing it's like wow
right all righty all right thank you all and be safe drive safely
bye-bye so uh [Music] up next here is um uh we have chuck
allen uh chuck has uh has given us uh several
really stunning and amazing mind-bending kind of uh talks about the universe and
and of all of its proportions and uh um you know he likes he likes to make you
think and uh um i think that uh chuck's one of the really gifted presenters out there today
in the amateur astronomy world so chuck why don't you go ahead and take it from here okay thank you
all right let's share screen for starters this is actually going to be
kind of a let's see if i can get rid of this hang
on just one second folks we need to get rid of one thing here
okay there we go
well
you have your powerpoint up yeah
i had a chat box that was hiding it
no i'm having trouble getting back to full screen
ah
okay uh your computer hasn't frozen because we can hear you very well
okay there we go all right now let's try that again sorry about that
interruption no problem this is a series of very
easy listening short stories in astronomy and a lot of it has to do with precovery that is
discoveries that were missed by people who had an opportunity to do it
and so what we're going to do is just take these at random there's no particular order to it
the first is the star that moved and this has to do with the checkered history of the discovery of neptune
whoops neptune's history was checkered because of a competition that occurred
there were two astronomers who began working on solving the problem of why
the orbit of uranus seemed to be perturbed and it was determined that it was being perturbed by a massive planet
that lay beyond uranus planet eight and so the search was on in both england
and in france the two individuals who were working on this were first of all in france in paris urban la
verrier and in england john couch adams
now adams was the first to come up with a rough idea of where neptune was located
and he communicated those calculations to james challis at the cambridge observatory in september of 1845 but
they were rough estimates and he didn't want to publish them because he knew that they weren't refined enough
but la verrier had calculated the location of neptune to within approximately one degree and he
published that result leveria here in paris he published that result in june
of 1846 the next year well john couch adams boss the
astronomer royal of england george airy recognized that adams was doing similar work to that which he saw published by
the variant in paris and so he initiated a secret attempt to locate planet eight
uh to support john adams's efforts and he asked chalice to use a an 11.25 inch
telescope to try to find this planet eight before the french did
well chalice did find that he found it on august the 8th and august 12th but he had bad star charts and he didn't
recognize that he had a planet in the field of view unaware of chalice's work in using john
adams data leverier uh sent his results to johann
gottfried golly at the new berlin observatory
the new berlin observatory housed a uh nine inch refractor which i will show
you here and dr galley took lavarie's estimates of the location of
neptune and in less than 60 minutes found neptune on september 24 1846
uh arie back in england rushed to claim credit for adams because adams had also
uh roughly uh produced the location but not as accurately
this made the french very angry but uh leverier was very uh
sanguine about it he he understood uh that both perhaps should get credit in this
kind of irritated perhaps the french there was a cartoon a funny cartoon that
showed a view from england looking across the english channel and on the french side
la verrier had his telescope aimed up at the sky at neptune and was writing in a book
and on the english side john couch adams had a telescope aimed at la verrier's
book and he was writing in his own book so that's how testy things got but adams gave credit
where it was due he said there's no doubt that the research researchers done by la verrier were the first to be
published and that it directly led to the discovery by dr golly in berlin
however there was another person we can skip that who
may have found neptune first in fact he did on january 6 1613 galileo was of
course observing uh jupiter and its four galilean moons as we refer to them today
and on january 28 1613 he did another chart noting the position of the moons
of jupiter but he noticed that there were two stars in the field of view that were further apart on this night than
they had appeared to be on january 6th he made a notation that one of these stars had moved and if you
look down here using starry night software you will see that on the night that he was charting the locations of
those moons it was in fact neptune that was close to that star over here he had
found neptune and even noted that it moved but he didn't make the connection
uh significantly enough to report the discovery of a planet
then there's the question of who dropped the ball if i asked you the question who was it who dropped two different weights
off a tower to prove that aristotle was wrong and to prove that objects dropped
from a height regardless of their mass will drop at the same rate barring of course any interference from uh air
resistance you would say that it was this person galileo and you would tell me all about the story about how he
dropped two different cannonballs of different masses off the leaning tower of pisa this seems to have occurred
sometime between 1589 and 1592 and was reported in a biography written
about galileo and published in 1717. by vincenzo viviani
historians believe that it may be apocryphal that it may have just been a thought experiment
consistent with his work using inclined planes to determine how objects accelerated in a gravitational
field but if you were telling me that galileo was the first to do this experiment you
would be wrong because about at least three years before the earliest time that galileo
was reported to have done this experiment this gentleman simon steven a flemish engineer and mathematician
dropped two lead balls of different weights off the newakirk and delft holland he was aided by john cornetz
degroot a lawyer in the area they relied on the audio
the the noise of the two objects hitting boards upon which they dropped them and on witnesses who said they indeed landed
at the same time and he published this result in 1586 the same year he did the
experiment basically noting that aristotle was wrong so why no credit to
mr steven and why does galileo get all the credit well but galileo's the one who used an inclined plane to slow down
the accelerating process and it was the one who determined uh the s equals t
squared relationship that is that if an object falls one foot in one second in the second
second it will fall four feet and so forth
david scott the
astronaut aboard apollo 15 uh actually did an experiment
where he was dropping a feather obviously dropping a feather off a tower won't work because of air resistance
uh on the earth but if you can do it in an airless atmosphere such as on the surface of the moon you get a very
different result in here
hey i love this it's awesome too it's awesome yeah so weird to see
what a great experiment yeah have you ever seen this
movie about robot pole that has a high-speed camera inside
that there is some dust inside how they're floating around
in a weightless weightlessness yes you have struck yes that's amazing yes
okay um well who's first these are the first ten asteroids to
have been discovered uh in order from left to right according to their size ceres of course was
discovered in 1801 by piazzi uh palace was the second to be discovered the following year then juno
then vesta vest is the second largest asteroid known and palace is third this
is a close-up of palace and there's a story here and that is this
palace was actually discovered by a person you may have heard of wilhelm oberg albers the german astronomer he's
of course the author of the great albers paradox in which he said that if the universe is
infinite then all lines of sight would intersect with the surface of a star and
as a result the sky should be infinitely bright
like this of course the paradox failed to consider the red redshift of light
coming through an expanding universe which would make it redder and redder and maybe even invisible at some point
and also the fact that stars at great distances light has not had time to reach us so we failed to
consider those things nonetheless he discovered palace in 1802
but in 1779 before piazzi discovered series charles messier
was tracking comet bode and he noticed a seventh magnitude star
i marked it in red here this reference to a nebula is constant along
this line he's referring to the comet there but he noted a seventh magnitude star at this location on the chart
turns out however there is no seventh magnitude star at that location it was actually palace and had he been
following its movement he would have discovered palace before ceres and palace would have been known as one
palace instead of two or three rather okay
now you see it and now you don't this is what amateurs can do
january 23 2004 fellow by the name of julian j mcneal
he goes by jay 32 years old was using a three inch refractor and a ccd camera in
his backyard in paducah kentucky my state he was taking a picture of m78 which
normally appears as a circular smudge with two stars in it as you know and noticed a fan-shaped nebula next to
it in his image and he reported this and within 48 hours professional observatories confirmed his observation
of a hitherto uncharted nebula now known as mcneil's nebula wow
it was also found in an image in 1966 and so astronomers thought well that
period of time would suggest that it might brighten again in 2042 but it brightened again in 2008 and it stayed
fairly bright and detectable until 2018 in november when it disappeared again
today there is no hint of it whatsoever so this gentleman got a nebula named after
him and it's still being watched and it shows you what can be done with a three-inch telescope
chuck was that is that nebulous similar to hubble's variable yes it is it is it's a proto-star that
flares and illuminates the nebula around it at what period perhaps an irregular
period it seems means that it should be watched on a constant basis
but it doesn't appear to be any regularity to it based on how long it stayed bright from 2008 to 2018 and then
disappeared again we're going that alarm now this is a complicated story that involves the
apollo 11 landing buzz aldrin was the one communicating with the earth through charles duke the
capsule commander gene kranz was the flight director and as you know at nasa the flight director is in charge of
every subgroup in charge of specific functions for the mission one of which is called guido or guidance operations
any one of these individuals can declare an abort if it's necessary the doctor can
computer operations can any system that is seems to be failing can call and abort to a mission and france would have
to obey that stephen bales was only 26 years old and was in charge of guidance operations
only because his boss was incredibly sick you'd have to be pretty sick to not
be on the job for the landing of the first landing on the moon and so this young 26 year old found himself
in charge of this operation here he is a little bit later in his life
his name is stephen bales and he had working for him a 24 year old computer operations fellow by the name of jack
garmin now some of you may recall from seeing videos that when the eagle was at 25 000
feet coming in in its breaking phase there were a series of 1202 alarms that
came up on the computer aboard apollo 11. the buzz aldrin reported to the ground now bayless described receipt of
these alarms as a situation in which he stood up with his hair on end because now this 26 year
old is normally not in charge of guidance operations has to make a call on whether to abort the first moon
landing or not uh garmin his underling told him that it was
executive overflow and that it would clear up if it doesn't occur again we're okay
uh he turns out that jack garman was wrong this was actually a reset of the computer it was not an overflow
and nonetheless based on that advice stephen bale said we'll go on that alarm and
that was communicated up to buzz aldrin but there were two more 1202 alarms that
kept occurring and then when the limb got within 3000 feet of the surface aldrin started reporting 1201 alarms
bales again was panicked now they're under 3000 feet above the surface they're low on fuel
and garmin had to rely again on garmin and give the statement that we're saying it's the same type of error and we're go
on that alarm well it turned out it wasn't the same type of error this time it was an executive overflow too much
information being processed by the computer so the reason they gave the go command in both cases is because they
had misinterpreted the nature of the alarm but they were similar in nature wow
bales was actually chosen to receive a special group achievement award on the
same night that the three astronauts received presidential medals of freedom and bales was chosen to receive this
award because of basically his courage in making these decisions to go ahead
now what actually happened here's the computer face and
this is what buzz aldrin had in front of him during the landing now when the com the limb was in the breaking phase
the guidance algorithms for the lamb took up about eighty percent of the memory of the computer and the
rendezvous radar which controlled the thrusters of the various thrusters on the vehicle
took up another 15 and that was all fine and then buzz aldrin entered verb 16
noun 68 that you see right here what that is is simply requesting some data
that appears here what is our angle of descent how far are we above the surface what is the
distance to the landing point he just wanted some information well then the 1202 alarms started and again
there were three 1202 alarms and it was only after the second one buzz did it
again entered again the uh verb 16 968 and the 1202 came up again
and finally very meekly he said to neil armstrong it seems to happen when we have a 1668
come up so at that point buzz figured out it was time to stop entering this request for
information into the computer and once he did the 1202 stopped what was happening was the verb 16 noun 68
request was adding 10 percent load on the memory of the computer you can do the math here it's over 100
percent that caused the computer to keep trying to reset to give this information over here
without this information and so once he stopped that everything was fine until
the lamb got down below 3000 feet at which point the guidance algorithm demand on the computer started to rise
put them over a hundred percent again without any interference from buzz aldrin and when that happened the computer
started giving 1201 overflow alarms but you may recall that neil armstrong then
took over manual control of the land because of boulder's belief in the crater beneath the limb and when he did
that the demand on the computer for the guidance algorithms dropped to about 40 and they had no more alarms whatsoever
uh very quickly finishing up here some new information has come to light
about the zodiacal light and what it might be sodium light is thought to be light
reflecting off of dust grains in the inner solar system and is thought to come from material emitted from comet
tails and from asteroid collisions in the inner solar system it's best seen at sunset in the spring or in sunrise in
the fall when the ecliptic rises at a steep angle to the horizon
turns out the juno mission to jupiter made a rather circuitous route to jupiter and indeed when it was first
launched first flew out into the inner asteroid belt and then looped around for
a flyby of earth to give it faster trajectory to jupiter while it was out
here it had a function it had four star tracking cams whose job was to look for
new asteroids it would take four pictures a second but would only send back images if it found something they
weren't expecting too many images to come back instead thousands of images were coming back it
turned out the images that were coming back were particles that were being knocked loose from the solar panels by
dust impacts hitting the vehicle at 10 000 miles per hour
they then were able to determine that the orbital properties of the dust matched those of mars seen here in the
red orbit as a result the likely source of the zodiacal light is now thought to be nothing other than martian dust
storms which somehow have emitted us wow incapable of leaving uh gravitational
attraction of mars and entering the region through which the juno mission flew
very interesting then there's 34 torai most of you know this story william herschel of course
discovered uranus on march 13 1781 with a 6.2 inch reflector in his backyard
he raised that reflector to 932 power and noticed that unlike stars the image
kept getting fuzzier and fuzzy fuzzier leading him to believe that he had discovered a comet
it was actually his friends other astronomers who kept observing it and noted that the orbit appeared to be too
circular the image rather appeared to be too circular and too bright for an object moving so slowly across the sky
and so they convinced herschel that he actually had something other than a comet john flamsteed however you know him
john flamsteed category or rather numbered stars in each constellation from west to east for example he would
start with one orionis two three four five six seven visible stars in the in
the constellations and move across these of course we're omitting some numbers
here's 16 orionis here's 23. so somewhere down in here are 17 18 19 and
20 and so forth one of the stars he cataloged was 34 torah
well it turns out the 34 torah doesn't exist today we can't find it and it
turns out that what he actually saw and catalogued as the star 34 taurai was the
planet uranus itself that was in 1690 he could have had the discovery uh actually
uh some 91 years before herschel did it also in the
late 1750s pierre lamonier
observed uranus 12 times and indeed observed it on four consecutive nights and wrote it in his log
but never noted that it was a planet or determined its motion they called him
for this sloppy pierre because it was record keeping here's an interesting tidbit those three galilean
moons what there are four we all know there are four galileo found
them with this little telescope and we all know that they're huge moons io europa ganymede callisto
so why three well it may be that someone else discovered ganymede
z zazon in china postulates the ganymede was discovered by gandhi in 365 bc
wow he found a record that gandhi had indeed catalogued
a small star next to jupiter through naked eye observation and this can be done
by simply occulting jupiter and knowing that ganymede is on the side that won't be occulted at the same time
by a tree limb so it is possible at magnitude 4.5 that a tree limb blocking
jupiter's light could allow you to make in this case a pre-covery of a moon
some uh 2000 years before it was actually discovered since we're running a little
late i'll just terminate it right there and uh hope you enjoyed the stories yeah
that was awesome i'm going to have to try uh technique there so that's very cool very
cool oh it's just amazing yes well lots of great um uh comments
from the audience too chuck so yeah and remember to check your own data because i almost i almost discovered a supernova
i was a couple days late and i didn't i didn't think to look at my data and i went and looked at it after the
announcement was made and i was like dang it was there in my data uh so so blink through your galaxy
images once in a while from from different uh different times and uh you
might catch some things amateurs discover uh supernovae and variable stars and
novas all the time yes that's right that's right
well how's how's uh your skies tonight molly uh they're good and um i do have a
uh target to show great go ahead and uh switch screens here um
so this target uh had already it's already set behind my tree but i got uh some frames on it um uh before and i i
took a screenshot um to put this up so this is just a couple of a couple it's a couple of minutes
on um what was formerly known as the eskimo nebula um but uh we're trying to
do away with with that name and the alternative name that i found in the uh sky safari
app was the clown face nebula uh so ngc 29 2392
is a planetary nebula it's uh rather small so if you looked at it in if you look at it visually it's
very bright uh if you look at it visually um you'll see it as kind of a turquoise um
it's a it's just it's big enough that it doesn't quite look like a star um it looks uh
non-stellar and it's kind of this turquoise color you can kind of see the disc shape of it
um now i this is with an oxygen three filter and uh
had i been able to take more frames you might have been able to see some of the structure uh start to
arise um let me let me pull up um
a processed picture i have of it let's see even on that side molly i can
see the uh you can kind of see the central couple of filaments yeah yeah there's kind of a um
uh like a central bright ring and then there's this dimmer
halo around it um and that's where a lot of the the structure is um that's yeah
but even even in that even then that dimmer outer ring like i said you can see some of the other uh
yeah um now i've got just a small chunk of my
screen showing here so let me get this in here oh yeah um so uh
this is a processed image of it um with like uh i don't have on hand how much and
it's something like 20 plus hours of data a lot of this is narrow band um
and actually that is kind of a oh you're not going to get it um it's back on screen here
yeah so this is a lot of hydrogen and oxygen data and so you can see that ring and you can actually see that it's not
quite circular it's kind of oblong um and then
yeah and then in the in the outer ring um the hydrogen is kind of splotchily
uh it's not it's not evenly dis uh diffused it's kind of um going out and splotches so it's interesting because um
you might think that a star might eject its gas isotropically in all directions
but as we see in a number of planetary nebula there's a preference for certain
directions um and it's not all i mean the star is rotating and that that certainly has
something to do with it but even then it's not always symmetrical either so it's really interesting
yeah when it exhausts the the gas uh you know i mean even like obviously our sun we have different solar cycles
and distribution of uh sunspots et cetera you can imagine that happening on a
you know with an explosion like this that's a good point these are like really slow explosions so the star is
still going to be changing as it's material yeah that's a good point
different chemical makeup kind of to your other point that's particle physics
yeah yeah though yeah
that's really nice great so uh molly uh i know that you do a lot
of different programs uh if someone is a beginning a beginner in
astrophotography where where would you what's your top three go-to places to uh send people uh
to learn more about astrophotography ooh um
i i have some tutorials on my website there's one
and what is that website again uh astronomy.com uh and i assume some
my what i call my super duper primer series that's just like uh some of the early
stuff that you know uh how to connect your camera to your telescope how to auto guide how to do planetary imaging
how to process and deep sky stacker uh i have a pixel tutorial but it needs to be updated
um and i've been working on um i've been working on some new tutorials but i haven't quite gotten them done i
do have one youtube video okay on on pixel site processing but um
i actually from the the very beginning i used um one of the books in that patrick
moore astronomy series uh called astrophotography on the go and especially if you have an altas
mount it's got some useful bits in there on how to do astrophotography on an altas
mount which is what i started on um and uh it's a good reference um
i'm not myself a big youtube watcher but the astro imaging channel has i'm gonna
plug another thing of mine which is the aster imaging channel we have tons and tons of content
uh we have over 300 videos on um everything from beginner topics uh like
we have um this weekend we have a talk by a guy named ken daly on on how to do
how to focus your telescope or your camera um all the way up to we have warren keller and adam block on there
several times on how to do stuff in pixel site really advanced processes and stuff so um really a wide variety of
content to cover all uh expertise levels and stuff like that um
and yeah you know trial and error i just got out a lot and messed around
with stuff and you'll see a lot on the forums people will say like oh you can't do astrophotography with this or like you
have to do this in order to you know like like you have to auto guide to do ask photography or you can't do astrophotography with the schmidt
cassegrain or a dslr um but uh while while it is harder to do
astrophotography without auto guiding or with certain telescopes and cameras
you can get especially if you're just starting out you can get some really exciting results without
having to have really fancy gear and in fact you can just toss a a dslr on a tripod and and do some really oh
absolutely yep that's right whatever i've seen astrophotographs of course with no tracking at all and yeah a lot
of us have i've seen people take completely manual equatorial mounts like
the ones with the flexible cables and actually track by hand
and get pinpoint stars that's extraordinarily difficult to do
but i've seen it done some really good uh planetary and international space station images from
uh hand tracked dobsonians yeah i've personally had more luck uh hand
tracking the iss well with with the with the hand paddle on my computerized mountain okay
um i've had more success doing that than having the mount try and do it so
um yeah i've seen uh whatever gear you have just just try stuff you can never
like i would yeah yeah i'd love to share an example of that if
okay it'll be a really quick example a dslr a 100 to 400 millimeter lens
on a tracking mount and on a tripod and i think i have it
cued up um a picture that i got with with a rig like that yeah
yeah pointing it at the sky let's see how this works um
okay says i'm sharing my screen that's nice now share it there
everybody see that nice yeah yeah with that rig
also fairly dark skies now you can pixel peep this and you'll look at it and you'll go there might be
some halos or it's a little fuzzy um well there's another view of it
i actually that was cropped in and processed i actually like this one a little bit better i could think it looks
a lot better but um yeah and this was not a modified camera
either this was an unmodified camera same one i used to do
daytime portraits uh both filters intact portal three sky
about a three one three minute exposure or actually less than that i think this
was one it may have been a 90 second exposure or something it was it was not a long
exposure somewhere near around two minutes and end up with that so
a lot of factors do go into it like you were saying molly and it's um yeah you know it's something where
you can't limit yourself to just thinking there's only one way to do something
there's many ways to do it and um you know it all depends on where you're
willing to drive that was a a three-hour drive for me to get to a sky like that and be able to get that
image and it was the last second oh let me try it thing because what i wanted to
do at first got um i think it got clouded out where i originally was so
you know though and then that happened so so yeah just backing up what you're saying
um molly it's and you know everyone else aim at the sky and see what you can get
and um you know it's different types of equipment can get the job done
yeah and and uh yeah whatever you have this is an another example of uh this is with a
uh like a 50 i think i had the lens like a 55 millimeters um
f5 i think uh this is the kit lens and i took a bunch of six second exposures
sitting on a tripod so no tracker uh on mod or yeah unmodified camera and
it's not you know a great shot like i've gotten better ones since then using a little dslr tracker but
this was um you know within my first year or two of astrophotography and it was really exciting to
see the orion nebula and the flame and the horse head and um you know and for a
beginner this is a nice shot and an exciting one to kind of to kind of carry you along on on the journey so
yeah whatever gear you have just just try it and you can figure out how to
refine the process with whatever you have and just uh experiment mess around
great yeah it's definitely not it's not definitely not about the gear
the gear is a tool to help you if there are certain things you want to be able to do a little bit more gear comes into
play and it's kind of the same with regular photography as well as um astrophotography
i find you know in my experience i find i may want certain gear to do certain
things easier or you know see certain things
um certain gear will help me but um i have noticed
that there are those that will swear by certain gear and say it's the only way
to do proper astrophotography and i think we we've talked about it all star party
long is that um we sometimes get it backwards it's not
the gear it's the person using the gear and their expertise and
and even knowing what it is at in the night sky that you can go after depending on the season so um if
if we've if you learn nothing else out there um just try it with what you've got and uh don't be intimidated if you
go on a forum or a site and you're told well you have to have this gear
or the site has to be this dark or you know or you have to build your own
observatory to really get good results um you know just go with what go with what
you have um go figure out the process um we've we've heard some books that
even i'm thinking i need to check out that site and see what else i can learn i just downloaded pics in sight i went
into it i had my brain blew out of the left side of my head and after i put it all back
together i decided the only way i'm gonna get this right is to go look at a
tutorial and then start gradually going through to see if my night skating nightscape and milky
way images will benefit from running them through some kicks inside flows so
that's that's to come but in the um the moon showed itself up so i
stopped took a picture of the moon and then took a picture of lightning because a storm was chasing me
the comment about storm chasing that well it was kind of real i uh i drove out of it but i do have a picture of a
flash it's not a bolt of lightning but it's a flash of lightning coming from clouds
uh and then it started to rain on my gear so it's still been an exciting night even
though you know it's been it's been uh it's been a lot of fun and yes i'm
driving safely i'm not looking at a screen right now looking at the road long answer to a
short question don't try this at home all right so up next we have cameron
gillis uh in seattle um he'll show us some of his uh most recent work and then
and following cameron will be dt gatom from nepal and uh she's going to share
her first image that she's ever taken through a telescope and uh recite a poem
that she wrote as well so this will i'm looking forward to both of these here cameron you've got the stage thank you
molly all right thank you another amazing night good stuff money molly good stuff
so uh yeah let me try this out here i'm going to share my stream i have two different sessions
and actually i was uh on your site there molly and let me just uh
i found out a way to connect my tablet um so that's let me just share my screen on
the tablet now here we go
do that start that
okay can you see my tablet screen yes okay great great so
okay so basically um what i'm showing here is sky safari what i've been doing
uh over the last year talking about the journey and of discovery
ever since i guess the pandemic
i had extra time to to focus on my astronomy hobby and so i
was kind of rediscovering that i got really busy with work uh in the past and now with traveling
and all that and now i'm really happy to be able to to uh spend my nights and evenings at
home and and really dig in so i i got a go-to telescope and
and i started to um and then i got this uh this application sky safari
and uh started to uh make a sky survey i started i wanted to go go back i have
sky atlas 2000 the paper edition and that's what i was doing using before
but i wanted to kind of upgrade and and start to do a survey and look at
all the different um objects down to the magnitude limit of my
my new schmidt cassegrain my eight inch and uh and kind of rediscover and in
fact you know in the past uh with my i used to have an 18 inch dobsonian
and i would dive into galaxy clusters and that kind of spotty and it was really cool i mean
you could see some beautiful things but i had a limited sky where i was uh i had a darker sky it was more more like
borderline four but um anyhow so uh so now i i wanted to take a
more structured approach and my my ultimate plan here is to uh
to categorize all the different objects i can see visually for each constellation
down to in this case i went down to 13th magnitude and
and then started to identify and categorize and log each one
over and i've done that over the year and i'm still not finished but i've actually done the full set of
constellations on all the seasons now and uh and then i'll show you uh what
i've done but basically uh the next step is uh is i want to i'm going to be
buying an imager probably one of the esi i think the 294 is is the optimum
for my gear and then basically um start imaging
each each constellation by constellation all the different objects so i can kind of use
it as a visual enhancement because i you know i'm i'm a visual observer from my years but i really see
astrophotography as a way of kind of enhancing that even going deeper and and
really exploring and rediscovering so i want to start categorizing that so what i've done
is i for example let's just take uh sextants here okay
uh i just i just um go in and go planner
and i'm just going to make it simple choose galaxies down to 13th magnitude here
sorry i don't know why it's not uh oh i can type pick it
and then i go in and i'm just going to choose sextants
there it is and then do search and then i'm going to make an observat
observing list so what it does is it it just creates that observing list
and then i go to my observing list and you can see i have
a lot a lot a lot here for every constellation i did different by observing this the different magnitude
thresholds for different objects and then i have a best and brightest
which is my catalog that i'm working on and so if i go to search results
and then i go actions highlight objects
let's just choose them all and i'm going to go unobserved then what i do
is i highlight that and i go back and now you'll see that in
sextants everything that's down to 13th magnitude galaxies
are highlighted now and what i've done the important thing to note here
is i um i chose unobserved okay so when you choose unobserved
i actually have in other lists i actually have observed some of these so for example i zoom in
and the spindle galaxy for example it's magnitude 9.1 and i can show
my past observation which i did in april and my description is bright and
beautiful elongated oval with a hint of dust lane and bright oval core that's what i typed in
when i did it cataloged it before but what i do is is a previous to that i created this
observing list and let's say i observe the spindle galaxy game i just go
create new observation i'll say
right beautiful oval distinct
ovalety and then i and then i basically go see
let's say it was a slight quivering i choose my equipment
and the thing i want to show you is that once i've done that you'll notice that box disappears
so what i what i do is i start to uh go through methodically
and let's just do another quick one here i'll just make a very simple one create here and i'll say
oval patch oops we'll go patch and then i go
you'll see that disappeared so basically i start to go through and then it starts to
uh each of these objects go away from my list and at the end of the night
i can just look at my sessions these are all my obsessions and you can see
i have two sessions here and basically it goes
so now what i've done to show you on the grand scale
as i go through this i want what another thing i want to show you is i found two galaxies here for example
this is 11.9 galaxy and here's 11.9 galaxy in hydra okay
so that as i it helps me train my observing skills and also set
expectations for smaller scopes as well so if i have a knife
um where for example i want to just pull out my my four inch or or three inch or you
know different telescopes i can right away i i don't i don't
you know look for something that i cannot see because of seeing conditions or whatever i can i can write i would
categorize it so what i've learned you know we all know about surface brightness and all that
but i want to show an example here of two galaxies both exactly 11.9
but the description here of this one is distinct oval patch with brighter
core so there's some structure you can see something it's very clearly visible you can even see it with direct vision
but then we have this other one and again show observation
if you see elongated patch right i mean it's very you know with averted vision i can see barely to recognize it but it is
i can see it's elongated now if you look at the actual details
you can see this is 4.2 by 0.7 arc seconds so it's quite long
arc minutes i should say 4.2 so keep that number 99 4.2 arc minutes
and this other galaxy oops sorry
i want to pick the information it's 2 2.3 arguments by 1.2 it's a little more
oval it's not elongated but the over surface area is is much more condensed
so now if you go to the dss image you can see this is pretty much what i
see i want to actually create my own version of the dss image obviously the deep sky survey
has been done and there's lots of surveys out there but i want to do my own and basically create a catalog
of these types of images and also to set expectations what does it look like visually um so this is a
long project it's a lot it's it's going to take a long time but i i just wanted to give you a snapshot where we're at so
if we compare it to this one uh if i go show observations oh sorry wrong one
information this one here dss image see so i described it correctly i didn't i
haven't looked at these this is what i uh so my observation was correct but obviously the dss uh
image makes it low the surface and then luminosity higher but you can imagine this spreads out the magnitude so that
11.9 magnitude is spread over this elongated view so uh what i've discovered even 10th
magnitude galaxies uh some some ninth magnitudes if they're
spread out quite um quite a bit you have no chance of seeing them um with with
portal 6 or borderlands guys and so um so anyhow so
now if i look at my again my grand scheme i'm just uh
observing this if i look at what i call best and
brightest and i do all highlight that
you can see i've seen 688 or 668 objects that i categorize at best and brightest
so these are the objects i've seen over the course of the year not only that i've seen more than that
i've seen actually about two thousand maybe three thousand objects um but but uh i've i've i've categorized
you know six hundred of them as even in the moonlit night you can still see them uh because they're distinct right did
they have a high high enough surface brightness to come over the border portal 6 uh scale
skies so you know especially i i must say what i was saying last week but i just
want to highlight virgo is extremely intimidating coma bernicious and penis benefici
those are extremely dense galaxy populations so i just wanted to highlight this tool
makes it actually possible so you can keep your sanity as you go through and do your galaxy
hunting and again you know if you just look at this group oh well let's just go to something that
everyone knows uh here's mercurian's chain and you can see most of those galaxies
are all in in the best they're all categorized at best and very so that means they'll be visible in a smaller
scope and uh because they have a high enough surface that brightness but there's a couple like for example this one up here
uh it's 11.9 now normally if that was the right surface brightness it would actually be able to shovel but if i look
at the description diffuse elongated oval patch right so for example so um anyhow uh that's just
a i just wanted to give everyone a little little tour and uh kind of snapshot of what i'm
up to and my it's not going to be done anytime soon again i am
enjoying the journey and i just wanted to share that with everyone so well thank you very much that's great
i think people are impressed with your you know uh the way that you're recording these objects and i think any
kind of project like that is uh definitely definitely worthwhile um if you ask uh david levy uh he'll
tell you that uh you haven't made an observation until you've written it down so
you know that's that's uh you can look you know but uh observations are recorded
so uh so yeah we go from seattle to all the
way over to nepal um it is uh
coming on 11 o'clock in the morning there and we are
um i think we're like 13 hours difference from here in arkansas so
dt thank you very much for uh coming on to our program and sharing
uh sharing your love of the sky and so what's happening now
yeah i'm doing great hello everyone and uh i'll be glad to be here and uh here i
have clicked my first image of the moon the very first image your first
astrophotograph right yeah okay i'm going to say
okay [Music]
[Applause] oh wow
okay yeah
series okay so uh you did this with uh maybe your
smartphone is that right
very cool okay and i have a 660 x uh teddy sculpt yeah
and you threw a little math in there and i have one point
yes yeah well it's a beautiful image of the moon and you're going to want to keep that and
record the time that you took and just keep all that data you know
very good very good yeah and i have uh written one
uh they give gives this start so okay somewhere in the interstellar you are
always mine though you don't love me i am always there to love you in finite
gains gains is against the star look those moon and twinkling star let's
make promise that we will not apart come let's look up the sky and make our
togetherness born is black hole and defeat all the world's gaze kills games
against the star let's travel in the starry night and have some cute fights
and talks between each others far away in the interstellar night these girls gives gives the star you and me are not
apart similarly formed by stardust our interest match is we are same part come
on let's look up the sky and share the happiness most yes kids is the star
beautiful that's beautiful deep tea you'll have to send that to me
i i think it's wonderful i think it's wonderful yeah yeah that's great
i have a great things from stockholm sweden to you can you hear me okay okay yes
save that picture because in two years from today that picture will mean to you everything
because you will compare your journey from that picture
because if i had today my first astrophotography i had it in safe
with code you know fire fire safe safe
so keep that in a safe place yes that's right
yeah these uh those first uh first recordings and first attempts are very special
that's right yeah uh it was captured around the um 11 48 p.m
at night and i have this record uh so i will be
keeping you slightly but the nature's one yeah good
what was your what was your inspiration in writing your poem what was the
inspiration it's just your feeling from the night sky or
did something special happen and now for the like i used to write the
poem and uh actually i like writing the poem story and others like yes
writing the script of the dramas and others i love those so i usually write this all
and it was the recently uh recent poem i have written and i usually write in then i use it as
a nepali poem and so this time i have tried uh why not to try the english one and connect with
astronomy i'm impressed i'm impressed so that's very good thank you
thank you yes scott yes can i share some pictures of course
go ahead okay thank you this is the moon tonight with 300 millimeters and
manual focus it's not good but it's uh from
tonight's let's see share screen nothing happens
why you have to ah there no here we go
and this is uh it's pretty good yeah it's
oh that's nice i can clean yeah this is um
from uh oh my headphones
beautiful okay that's uh it's hard yeah and i have some
two movies that i shot it's looked like a picture but it's
movie yeah you remember
becca when we we did this uh the other day uh actually last week um
i think there's an interesting technique we can you we can do between all of us here um so taking a picture is one thing
that's awesome but but the video if we can um what i've learned is the
video that you take with the phone remember when i was sharing the screen
with my phone i was not actually taking a picture i was not taking the picture i was not taking a video so i was
offloading the processing was all being done on the back end over the zoom over the zoom meeting
think about that so so so here's the interesting uh thing i think we might discover
is that i am just playing with the pro settings on the still shot picture but you're
taking the video on zoom right scott i bet you we could probably do something
cool where we take really awesome pictures because i looked at those videos
afterwards and it was came across actually pretty good that some of it got a little bit mushy because of the uplink
was a little bit compressed but for the most part that's way better than i could ever take
with my still shot or no no this is a with an 80 millimeters ed
telescope and
and you don't actually take the picture right set up the settings the game or everything with your asi with your with
your phone and then set up a zoom midi set up a zoom waiting and then record yeah it's hard it's hard
but i i love taking movies and spread the movies and then process the movie to
the one shot and uh yeah it's just an idea yeah the last one
of my card now you can see how nice the
weather was yeah it's pretty stunning yes it's it's
it's a dream evening when i shot these pictures
so that's all for me great nice
great i love to shot mung it's my favorite and that's that's
how i get you into astronomy it was the moon yes and it's it's hard to leave it
it i like the moon too yeah there's some astronomers they don't like it they they
they wipes out all their deep sky objects and everything i of course love deep sky objects me too but immediately
galaxy the seeing distant galaxies is really like intrigued me to
get into astronomy deeper and deeper but the moon is very very special to me you
know me too for me it's it's almost everything yes when i was eight years i saw that
finland i thought why is there finland in the moon and i am a finnish eight
years old boy that meaning that has means that has to mean something that
means something that's right that's right and i got stuck down around that's very cool what i love best about the
moon observing the moon and pepe i think you captured this the other week is um is when you have those
thin clouds going uh going by right and you can still see the moon and it really gives you a neat
you know you still have really good view and you still have and you have a little bit of animation as well so it's really neat to see that so
even if there's clouds you can you can you can check it out yeah i was just reading today about the
the air how the air is uh
going in the atmosphere and i have begun to use an an
infrared uh pass filter 652 and 752 because when the light comes from
the moon it's all colors spread spread out
and that's why you can't if you use one shot of the one wavelength you got
that wavelength and you can take a good image when you just capture
one wavelength of that spread color
from the air movements and you take just one wavelength
well also there's just so much to explore oh scott's bringing out the big guns
tell you guys this this is uh we've talked a little bit about buzz
aldrin tonight and how they landed on the moon uh
buzz aldrin has one of our telescopes and he actually sent his telescope back to me
to be cleaned and collimated and everything now if you see that plaque right there
that is uh that is as aldrin but you see how it's black in
his face mask yeah that is a piece of lunar meteorite in the mask so we made
it away and uh so it's been a real pleasure i have a photograph
of me standing next to buzz aldrin with his telescope and in his apartment his
condo and uh um but he loves looking at the moon too
i have a question about ed127 yeah
and i am on my way to order any day from finland
and uh i'd like to ask uh uh honest uh question
isn't that very good for moon photographing well i think so
okay i think so i i chose for myself to do astrophotography the 102
okay um and uh the reason for it
uh and and i might suggest that you take another look at the 102 because of the
focal length okay uh if you are going to be doing um
most of the eclipse work for in in you know in particular i i think the 102
is a fantastic uh scope it's got more image scale than the 80 the 80s very
very popular for eclipse work but the 102 is flatter more more focal lengths on more image
scale the 127 i have i during the 2017 eclipse i did
use the 127 visually on the totally eclipsed
sun so that was it was spectacular to look to visually look through a telescope
with no filter right at the total eclipse you know and uh so it was it was beautiful uh so much
detail and everything i just wanted to keep looking but i knew okay you better you better not keep looking get take
your look enjoy it get that solar filter back on and when it's you know it's time so but
the eclipses are so rare here in sweden uh that's they're rare everywhere you
know even more rare here even more rarely
if there's a lunar eclipse then there is cloudy right but you could do h alpha work you know
hydrogen alpha and there are nice filters that you could put on a 102 and yeah so 102 is more yeah i i really
enjoy it for that uh if you are going to do careful studies of craters
mountain ranges and stuff you do need more focal length and i think you would enjoy
the uh added aperture of the 127. if you don't have very good seeing conditions
you can always make a mask to stop it down okay a little smaller but you can't of
course make a smaller one bigger so yeah you know right so that's the deal okay i
have to look that because he he can he i think he has no he has none in
store in warehouse yeah that's that's the problem all over the world
in july yeah yeah so we are we are expecting uh
more inventory to come uh this summer so yeah i have to ask but
what about the 114 the 114 to me like the fpl 53 looks like the dream machine
to me um that is a real special scope
we have more plans for that focal length and that aperture
probably would see it come out next year we did introduce fpl 53 telescopes
they sold slowly because they were so expensive you know so yeah but uh
there's there's uh uh you know a lot of uh enthusiasm for the focal
length and uh so while i haven't made a final decision yet i think i'm going to go with fcd 100
glass it's a lot less money and it's so close to the same performance it's my well you
know astrophotography very nice beautiful nice yeah oh i've
got the motor focuser and everything yes man yeah yes what what is the uh what's the
image do you have on the main scope what is it which one is that
yes and 120. and look at the guide scope up there too that's really yeah i've seen that guide scope it's very nice
a 50d yeah right
50 yes i can take a photographer with it
yes you can i'm just um i'm just imagining uh scott with the 114 with your three inch
diagonal you know uh with the with the with the 129 millimeter oh my gosh oh
yeah that must be right at that focal length it would be astounding that's true you go to it you
go with the dark sky without that guy oh my gosh i mean it'll be amazing
sure it's my dream
yeah sorry well no that's that's that's very cool
well i think that uh it's now what time uh
yeah 20 minutes after midnight here in springdale and uh uh we've got a big day tomorrow but um
this is the big boss oh this is 1 20.
pekka's just getting started
11 inch and 8 inch yeah cst and 120
80 80 72 and i have orion short tub
80 the old one
small ones and i have an uh astro master 1
27 newtonian oh i never used i never used huh
no i got it so cheaply the story is that i was after
the um you know the phone holder yeah chuck's something next play yeah
next crazy yes and um that was a package and i totally might need that i want i
wanted that and he said no no no you have to buy the whole pack you got to buy the whole thing and so you just
bought it all and now i didn't vote
just get the phone because there was none stuck here in sweden oh yeah that
so i i had to get that one yeah so i have to buy all the mounts and everything everything yes
everything just that's astronomy yes it is astronomy
that's right well i think we're going to be calling it a close for tonight is a great star
party it really was cameron you young and there the for the duration uh thanks
for being there and commenting and sharing and uh uh
so uh i think the next global star party will be yeah cesar brolo will be the special
guest host so i'm looking forward to that that'll be really interesting and uh
and then we have um i know that libby is interested in being
uh putting together one of the global star parties which will be interesting and so is deepti deepti is also looking to be a
special guest host as well so i look forward to all the
people that she could invite and get involved here with global star party
so this is the one of the best one of these oh you like this yes
it has been so interesting so yeah it's a really interesting talks it and uh you
know what this one seems a little bit that's that's what we're after
the late last one is always the best one and it's getting better all the time
yes because you get too used to it the camera and
the speakers slowly a little bit slowly i have to
take it a little bit slowly because you are so excited you yeah you are like sprattling of enjoy
yeah enjoy the journey this this it's we're it's it's fun it's really yeah it's really fun
to share the choice and i i want to thank all the audience that's watching now and and had watched uh
tonight we uh let me just
we always have people that watch it more in rerun but right now we have had a reach let me
look just and this is just facebook numbers we're we're simulcasting on twitch and twitter and and um youtube uh
but a lot goes on here on facebook we reached over 2170 people um
we had uh 545 engagements and let's see how many shares we got we got almost 60
shares we we're 59 shares so that's a lot of different groups a lot of different people
uh we hope you enjoyed it um we'll be back next tuesday with global star party 44 so
uh thanks a lot and uh you guys take care and good night and good morning and good
morning that's right it's already morning it's our part seven here
good afternoon yeah and i think i've already had her breakfast she's looking for lunch right now so and uh
i'm looking for the bed so yeah good night thanks guys
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and our folks it's time to say good night we sincerely appreciate your time grenade and hope we've succeeded in
bringing you an enjoyable evening of entertainment please drive home carefully and come back again soon good night
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good night cameron take care good night good night scott thank