Global Star Party 49

Transcript:

that's a lot i think i have i'm holding a record for
having uh global star parties in one year it's been almost when was it you started
this year was it in june um august yeah because we started the open
go to uh program in june i think yeah
and that's uh over 150 now that's like 160 almost now yeah that's right
so yeah we've put we've done hundreds of programs probably a couple thousand
hours of programming online a lot of information
you know i mean just uh and and you know with astronomers from all over the world and and
uh different age groups and you know different kind of missions that we've done you know with
uh like the great conjunction and the latest was the lunar eclipse
right
mm-hmm okay and [Music]
i guess it would be hundreds of hours of program not thousands we're not quite there yet that'd be a
full-time two thousand hours would be full-time job you know we haven't had that quite that many
hours not that many hundreds hundreds of hours hundreds of hours oh yeah
yeah it's true that is true and millions of viewers
yep i would say
here we go and first one to log in here in chat is
richard lighthill from sierra vista arizona
is that a friend of yours david must be
sierra vista as i recall is south of karchner caverns state park
you're you're muted
and david david's muted here we go ask to unmute
there he is i was saying that if you draw a line between um between uh
sierra vista and our home coaster caverns pretty much bisexual
that's true
here we go
richard says he's a friend of mike wiesner mike wiesner has lots of friends but i i you know your name is definitely
someone that i i know you're on my radar richard
we might have met it's a possibility
uh
okay mike wiesner says hello from oracle arizona your friend richard lighthills
on
mike hello mike weisner yeah richard says
they're building a new observatory out
there
mike wiesner the famous astro by autobiographer
yes
right
sharing to the atlanta astronomy club now we've already shared it to like the
facebook astronomy club and telescope addicts
we still have a very serious group here i mean i don't think to tell a joke but
then you might just go over everyone and i don't know nobody's going they're all like getting psyched
up to you know be live and do their thing you know
that's right i don't know if you if uh scott is
saying to you david david about but we try to break up and cut up a little bit before we do our
broadcast on uh at least when i get on with tyler and scott we we start talking about
some interesting things oh yeah and start laughing about stuff
some of it's kind of out there say that right now
yeah well the truth is out there right well that's what they say
that's right if you lie in space can anyone hear you probably not so is it a lie probably not
that's right well in space nobody can hear you scream
so oh i see unless you have a microphone and a
link to a satellite hello kareem again good to see you hi
everyone you see everyone good to see you
hello how are you hi john did you guys like your announcement posters today
they came a little bit late fantastic
good i'm gonna have to start placing a value
on certain posters you know so that you know they go up like digital
currency you'll buy them with uh you'll trade them in bitcoin
hey there's they are collectors items somebody told me they are collecting
them our local center was looking at uh taking the uh gsp 45 ones and making a set of playing
cards out of it that would be so cool yeah that'd be nice totally cool yes
but the lead would get us with his poker face he'd take all of our money
no he would not but i i would i would certainly say
that of all the astronomy clubs i'm involved with kareem yours is my favorite
thank you david yeah that's great because he says that to all the
astronomy coaches the first one i was ever involved in i just happened to be here today so
[Laughter] no david and i were both just saying our
asc has a montreal center has a special place in david's heart oh definitely he has a special place for
us he just opened up our clubhouse tonight and was there for part of my presentation and now we're showing uh
an eclipse documentary at the moment at the clubhouse are you very cool we're going to get ready for
tomorrow morning you know astronomers are slowly starting to gear
up to travel go to some star parties and stuff the nebraska star party is going is going to
kick off here uh this year that will happen in august uh so it's been real interesting talking
to john johnson about that you know how they're they plan to uh
do this uh safely uh but he said that the group is actually starting to grow quite
a bit and they may have to cut it off i'm not sure if they can cut
it off well i know uh cellophane is uh
shrinking their participation numbers this year uh a little bit just to just to play it
safe yeah but by august things may be in a good state and they may re
they may reopen yep
others of us are still stuck not doing not being able to go in person with any of our activities or events yet we can't even
do club outings because we're limited to maximum eight people from two households for social gatherings still
still canada has taken the social distancing very seriously uh probably to their
benefit you know but it's been uh i think it's been tough
um psychologically for a lot of people
you know especially for students uh the online learning has been difficult for a lot of them right yeah
how's it been for you as an educator very tough there's no longer an end of
the day let alone an end of the week it uh it just keeps going yeah
and trying to turn everything into digital and be able to maintain the standards of
teaching that we try for it's it's a lot of work
got some more people chatting uh chiming in here so we had a little bit of conversation
from richard lighthill and mike wiesner checking in we have stephen hauser he says hello from cloudy idaho
uh we've got harold locke good evening great folks from uh stargazers all andrew corkill from southern california
uh jeff wise i i forgot where jeff wise lives he says hello astronomers and wannabes
everybody wants it to be uh norm hughes is on and um let's see brian
fanning hello there from new jersey uh we got juan pablo carrillo
from chile says saludos as de chile and jeff weisi says from northern
california so it's just the beginning and we have people you know the fun part i mean it's
a global star party right so we have astronomers and participants uh
from all over the world now you guys listening out there in the audience we do have the after party if you
look at the at the text that i posted with um the schedule that you see online you
will see a link to a zoom waiting room starting at about 10 p.m a couple hours from now
we'll open it up for the after party for those of you who would like to share something share an image through your scope or
talk about an astronomy experience if you want and uh you know that's what it's all about so
don't be shy i would make a comment about a wannabe astronomer you know you're an
astronomer as soon as you go out and look at your first celestial object and understand what it is
in my my opinion that's that's kind of what and then
sorry i was wondering if anybody's uh touched
on the idea that uh the next global star party is number 50. yes we were talking about that we're
going to make it special so i'll be um i'll be
interacting with you guys uh to see what you want to do uh that you think might make uh big 5.0
special so well i know there's nobody wear black armbands or something or
there will be justin trudeau and there will be uh joe biden and carmela harris okay
all right i didn't know you did impressions david that's awesome
i was thinking they're uh they're planning on doing that uh guinness world record over in england where they're going to
try to do 140 straight hours of astronomy teaching astronomy outreach
and maybe we can beat them for the global star party 50 you know just david can tell us poetry for a good uh
150 hours right we'll go to the bookshelf challenge start to end
yup maybe we go for a marathon where it goes from 8 p.m to 8 a.m that would be kind of
crazy it would be i think all we have to do is stretcher identify 150 objects and talk about each
one of them for an hour oh my god
and each one of us has 10 minutes to talk about that object during that hour right it works you can sleep for 50
minutes wake up and do the next time oh yeah it's so easy to sleep for just 15 minutes and then
it's admirable this idea of doing 150 for one person i'm really looking forward to the attempt
[Music]
to observe with hubble we actually have to plan out pretty far in advance and for the outer planets what we do is
we pick the time when they're at opposition and that means that it's opposite from the sun from the earth's
point of view and that basically gives us the highest resolution view that's when hubble is the closest to each planet
even though that doesn't vary much over a year and the planets are a little bit more challenging because they move
and so hubble has to find guide stars first that tell it where it's pointing in the sky but then it has to track
those planets so it has to move following the planet across the sky and so that has to be interleaved with all
the other science programs hubble's doing every single day and so it's very carefully coordinated to fit in as hubble then orbits around
the earth and so it gets planned out down to the minutes of exactly which image we're going to take in which filter
for each of those planets so it's a cosmic dance of getting hubble
pointed in the right place moving in the right direction and tracking all the same time
every time i see the opal project or the outer planet things that hubble space telescope has done i just
think you've had an incredible contribution and what we're doing is we're looking at each of the outer
planets every year so that we can build up a time base using the exact same facility and the
same instruments so we can actually track what's changing over the years on each of those planets
it started really with jupiter in essence we were trying to look at the weather on jupiter
and as we're trying to understand whether we know even here on earth it changes every minute every hour every day and we didn't have
that kind of time coverage but we also didn't even have long time coverage to look at things that changed over seasons
and so we had this big gap in our knowledge where we just weren't getting frequent enough data to be able to trend
any of these things and the idea kind of came about to look at a legacy program
where we built up a legacy for hubble within the planetary community and in 2014 we started with our first
observations of uranus and the first thing i think we noticed was uranus had a very prominent
polar cap it was very much brighter and getting brighter over time we've watched it over the last few years
get much brighter neptune on the other hand has been really quite interesting the first thing we noted was it had a lot of
bright white clouds and they were coming and going pretty rapidly a lot of different latitudes [Music]
and so when we start looking at neptune and uranus as dynamic planets with changing atmospheres weather
like we know now for jupiter and saturn we realize that we have a lot of gaps in our understanding
[Music] and so we've been able to use the opal program to track how much cloud cover we
have from year to year but the other thing we can do with hubble that we can't really do any other way is look for dark spots and so the great
dark spot was this big iconic feature we saw with voyager and when we looked again a few years later
finally when hubble was online it was gone and that kind of surprised us because we
were used to the great red spot which doesn't go away it's changed over time but it's still there
[Music] and so these storms are not quite the same as what we see on jupiter because they form and go away on much more rapid
time scales the latest image of neptune is really interesting to me because we don't see
those bright weight clouds we've been seeing the last few years as a matter of fact the only thing we see in that particular image
is this great dark spot and so in a lot of ways it brings us around full circle because this looks so much like the
voyager image from 1989 and that was pretty surprising to me not to see as much cloud activity as we've
been seeing in previous years the opal team is actually a fairly small team there's only three of us but
our data is immediately available to the public and any other scientist that wants to use them and so we do that as well as our own
scientific analysis i think having so much hubble data now there's just so much in there to study
and you know as a scientist that's what drives us is trying to solve mysteries trying to look for new mysteries
and so having these long-term data sets with just such rich numbers of features in there
there's always something to go look at and it's certainly going to keep us busy for years to come even when we're not getting any more data
[Music] well hello everyone this is scott roberts and with me are several of the
people that will be coming on to our program today it's an exciting uh star party the 49th global star party
uh and uh the basic overall theme was uh you know stars in their worlds but uh
you know that could take us anywhere in the universe um what i'm i'm uh the schedule
is uh uh starting out uh in our first segment with uh the astronomical league
um we'll have uh john goss on who will be uh talking about
questions and answers where participants could win prizes valuable prizes from
our prize partners and from explore scientific and we have three young women
on our program that will be talking about their passion for space exploration and astronomy
that would include libyan stars we have uh dt gautam
from nepal and uh sabella burlingame uh who is uh uh on
for her first time both libby and sabella are 11 years old and i think they're
both going to space camp again this year so it's going to be pretty exciting for them
kareem jaffer is a professor joining us from canada in the royal
astronomical society of canada's montreal center so it's very cool to have him back on
uh you know and um jerry hubbell uh from the mark slater remote
observatory and explore scientific so uh and uh of course uh david levy
uh david is um uh you know our our guiding light here at the global
star party uh he has uh uh you know i i marvel
at all of the events that he's done you know the guy has done marathon uh
events star parties lectures um you know he continues to write great
books on that inspire people around the world uh we're so fortunate to have him on
global star party and i'm i'm very grateful to have him as my dear friend and uh david thanks again
for coming on to the 49th global star party i'll turn it over to you
well thank you scott and uh it's really a pleasure to be here one day after your birthday so on behalf
of everyone on zoom on facebook youtube and everybody else we wish you
the happiest of birthdays oh thank you thank you this this year um uh we
i i you know facebook allows you to celebrate your birthday by having people
donate to a worthy cause and so this year i picked mount wilson observatory
and we set a thousand dollar goal and we met that thousand dollars i
think sometime this morning so that was pretty cool so
yeah yeah so it's great it was great well scotty asked me each time to come
up with an appropriate poem and i think there is very little that's more appropriate
uh right now than to celebrate tomorrow's eclipse of the sun we're not going to see it here in
arizona but kareem who will be on later tonight is going to get to see it from montreal
all right and i think that's really lucky and i can't wait to hear his report
as to what he saw a nice deep partial eclipse if you can get
far enough north it'll actually be annular but we'll see what
we'll see what happens for my quotation in honor of the star party tonight
we're going to go to william shakespeare and king lear
and we go to gloucester and gloucester was one of the rurals who was visiting king lear when
that play opens and he witnessed lear's total loss of temper
and his loss of rationality as he talks about and then afterwards gloucester goes back to his
castle and he's getting very upset about it doesn't know what to do he starts pacing going back
and forth and finally he works himself almost into a panic and he says these late eclipses and the
sun and moon pretend no good to us with the wisdom of nature can reason it
blessed us here nature finds itself scourged by the sequin effects
love cools friendship falls off brothers divide meantime his illegitimate son edmund
jumps out of the shadows and he says to his dad this is the excellent
property of the world that when we are sick and fortune often the supremes of our own behavior
we make guilty of our disasters the sun the moon and stars as if we were
villains on necessity anyway in these days hundreds of years
after shakespeare i like to imagine shakespeare coming to our global star party
and saying you know what i really don't want to hear about king lear tonight i want to see the
eclipse tomorrow morning so i'm going to join the montreal group and i hope we'll be able to see the eclipse
together and on that note i hand it back to you scotty
oh thanks very much david david uh we have um coming up next is john goss
from the astronomical league but i was you know what do you think about having so many young people
on the global star party well i think it's a great idea
uh we've had libby for a long long time yes pt yeah
to the thing i think this will be a revolution of the young we're going to take over astronomy yeah
i've heard that the young will take over the world so you know when we want to take over we
want to use the hubble space telescope we will have to ask said bella will it be indeed
if we can use it for permission that's right that's right so when you're
doing the next servicing mission on hubble don't forget your friends okay so that's great
well uh next up is uh john goss from the astronomical league
uh we are actually this friday we will be doing another astronomical
league live program where the officers of the astronomical league come on
and bring on special guests special speakers and they give an amazing program a very
educational variant from you know lots of great information coming from the astronomical league and all the
benefits that they offer uh to clubs around the world uh and members around the world
the astronomical league is the largest i think they're the largest federation of astronomy clubs
on the planet i'm not sure that but i believe they are um john could confirm that
and i think you guys have about 20 000 members something like that so it's a
a huge force and um and all a force for good you know so um
john i'm going to turn it over to you sure thank you scott yeah we have uh
just under 19 000 actually but i'll i'll take i'll take the extra thousand
and something i i did want to mention to all these young people out there now unfortunately
when we talk about young people we mean people less than 40 years old so uh it's not true it's true yes i i think
i think amateur astronomy has uh in the public's eye has a rather what i
call a high coolness quotient yeah you know you you talk about astronomy uh to
anybody in the public and either well they either have no idea what you're talking about or they're going to be thinking yeah that is really
really really something there so it's um you know i just want to encourage you all just to stay in it uh be active in
it because it's a for a guy my age i i still think it's pretty cool but anyway i'd like to
say a few things or show you a few things here [Music] maybe one moment
okay good um yes the astronomical league
uh as scott was saying that we we've been around for a while we have quite a few people we're probably as i was just saying
we're just under 19 000 right now and this is our 75th year since we were founded in on november
15th 1946 uh almost every year we have had a national convention
uh for the past more than 50 years we've had one every year except for last year and of course the
reason for that's pretty obvious but um this year we're going ahead with
a a a virtual convention you know it's kind of funny right right now right now the way things are going
more things are opening and and uh starting up back to normal more or less well the convention itself
is in august and i my own personal opinion that in august thinks it'll be
pretty much back to normal but because of planning restrictions we've had to do this uh
virtually this year next year we will be back in person but anyway uh i'll con 2021 will be held
in august uh august 19th to the 21st our our keynote speaker is jocelyn bell burnell
who if um for those of you who know a little bit about the recent history of
astronomy she is a she plays a she's she's a big name and talking about pulsars and
and all that stuff uh she is uh very very much well into all
that so it's good to have her as as a speaker uh before we
actually go into our questions we always like to remind people especially especially tonight since tomorrow we
have the eclipse right to practice complete safety when looking at the sun
um amateur astronomers pretty much know how to do this but we got to make sure that they use the
right um filters and such and so we have a list of things here which i'm sure most most you have have
heard about but one thing we added on the bottom says always keep the cap on
on your finder scope because the your finder scope is probably like a two inch uh diameter and that can
oh yeah quite a few quite a bit of light through so always keep keep keep that closed
uh lastly last property we asked three questions and we're going to
go over them right now supply the answers uh number question
number one on what day of the week is the next total solar eclipse over the usa this is the total solar eclipse not not
not your annual or for tomorrow well it's uh just less than uh 30
34 months so it's on monday april 8 2024 which i'll i'll say
i'll say this that is the date of my wedding anniversary wow and the center line
goes over the church we were married in what so yeah that's awesome that is complete
coincidence we did not schedule it like that that's how it worked out so we'll see
what happens in uh 34 months from now right okay second question and what
constellation will you find this object now this is a really if you're just going in amherst astronomy this is a great object to try
because it's a great binocular object and it's fairly easy to find in the summer milky way the constellation is called a vulpecula
and i think most amateurs call this the co the [Music]
it resembles upside down coat hanger relax it doesn't that it's it's really really exciting it
does you know turn turn your head upside down or i'll turn the screen upside down no we'll just go with that
it looks like one of the coat hangers in my closet where one of them is falling down so yeah yeah hey here we go yeah i don't
know i guess they still make coat hairs like that but anyway number three
name the three brightest stars that make up the summer triangle which is very fitting because now the summer triangle
is rising in the east and in northeast uh right after sunset so the brightest star
is is vega and it's in lyra the next brightest star is altair which is an
aquila and then the the demise of the three is deneb which is the cygnus and dinam's still pretty easy to see
so that's always a great uh sky mark to find your way around the night sky
now the answers uh from the last star party uh that um we had uh five people here
and their names will be added to the big door price list which are terry mann our treasurer will be excuse
me our secretary will be talking about next time uh andrew corkill cameron gillis
jeff weiss uh neil cox and pekla haddalah um congratulations yeah wow
okay now drum roll for this week
oh for this week we do have three questions uh send your answers don't send them to me don't sit in the sky don't put them in
chat yeah don't do any of that just send them to secretary at astrology.org and
we will have a drawing for those names too okay question number one
if earth were reduced to the size of a common globe you know just like you have at home found in many homes and schools what
would be the relative size of the moon and what would be its distance from earth on this scale
okay uh number i'll excuse the number letter a the moon would be the size of a
marble placed one foot away from the earth size excuse me from the globe-sized earth
b the moon would be another nine-inch globe placed about three feet from their
earth club or c the moon would be the size of a tennis ball placed about 20 feet away so it's like
on the other side of the room for most rooms so write down the answers for that
number two question two now this is topical because of tomorrow
morning we're gonna have uh an eclipse of the sun uh so
um the moon reaches its new phase when it moves between the earth and the sun such as tomorrow morning the
astronomical league's lunar observing program requires the observer to spot the young moon's thin crescent what is the oldest moon
is it kind of complicated what is the oldest moon expressed in hours that is allowed to fulfill the requirement
of viewing a young moon in other words this would be the number of hours since the new phase so this would
be the number of hours since the moon uh was went through our excuse me since the moon
since the sun went through the solar eclipse tomorrow morning a would it be 12 hours later b 24 hours
later c 48 hours later this is the astronomical league's lunar observing
program referring to that's a tough one but number three
i don't know if that's so tough question three how many earth-sized worlds when mashed
together you know just scrunch shoved inside a uh a ball the volume of jupiter how many
could fit inside jupiter yeah a would be zero earth could not in
fact uh could not fit inside jupiter so in other words this is a question
i'll give you a hint we don't do trick questions [Laughter] the b would be 10 earths if when smashed
together could fit inside a jupiter volume or see up to a thousand earths
could be smashed inside of a jupiter volume so again um so this is the volume this
is not the diameter right this is the volume it's like you had a huge beach ball how many small
little balls could you shove inside of it and smash inside as much as yeah okay jupiter is a big
planet it is the biggest in their solar system okay so uh one last plug for friday
night i believe uh astronomically live it will be our seventh event uh seven pm eastern daylight time
uh we'll be uh featuring haley wall along with other members of the astronomical league talking uh more
about al khan describing a little bit to you a little more about what's going to happen
and other events happen in the world of amateur astronomy one more thing i'll just say right right
now i thought i thought that the pictures that nasa released yesterday uh of ganymede they were fantastic
they were fantastic so there's always something interesting going on in amateur astronomy yep that's true
so on that i will stop my share come back to the
real world and thank you scott for letting me uh on for a few minutes and thank you all for listening uh to the
questions and about the astronomical league that's great that's great and um if you guys have not
uh considered joining the astronomical league uh check your club to make sure that
they are involved with the league uh you may already be a member you may not even know it but
otherwise uh they have a member at large program so that you can join from anywhere in the world um
and uh you'll find the benefits to be amazing so well thank you very much john believe it
or not believe it or not you can be a member of the league for as little as five dollars wow so i'll leave it at
that you can figure out what i'm talking about yeah that is yep so
i'm putting up their website right now and uh that's great thank you very much john take care thank
you all right so up next is uh uh libby and the stars she uh has
for a long time giving us uh amazing lectures covering everything from the planets to
nebula galaxies stars you know
the idea of space exploration and tonight her presentation is going to
be on the constellation cygnus so i'm going to turn it over to you libby thank you for all the presentations you've given us
it's been great thank you um it's been very fun coming on here i very much enjoy i'm going to
share my slide now here just a second
so today i'm going to be talking about the consolation sickness and um first i'll
just talk about a little bit about the constellation and um the constellation cygnus is
actually the 18th largest constellation in our sky it means swan in greek
and it um it also has a star demand in it that's how i pronounce it i'm pretty
sure that's how you pronounce it because i know a lot of the space terms are pronounced differently um
and it's also very close to sarvegas vega is not part of this in this constellation but
it is very close to it it went and is located a little bit more north of it
cygnus in our sky is um just on the plane of the milky way so when you look
at the milky way it'll just be right along the trail of all these stars you'll see it across
there um it isn't you can see it in the northern
summer in springtime it is best visible at 9 00 p.m during the month of september
and what is inside cygnus the sorrows the stars all by ryo that's how i
pronounce it and a bunch of this stuff is a lot harder to pronounce because of the greek's
name alberio is how a lot of us pronounce it but you know what you may be right there's could be a lot
of different ways to pronounce these stars names yeah another i know uh all the greeks
they named it so um i know a lot of it is pronounced differently i've heard so
many people um charles messier his last name some people will say messier
and some people will say messier out of the french um
the um this um inside the constellation cygnus the
firework galaxy north american nebula the vel nebula and the sadar region it
um that is all that it holds in it which is a lot um there there's clearly a lot of nebula
stars and galaxies in this constellation which makes it the 16th largest constellation in our sky
and 804 square degrees in our sky and um
the jewel bag and nebula oh i just realized i missed the full sinking line of nebula when i was reading it
um so the jewel bug nebula the pelican the pelican nebula crescent nebula fireworks nebula
north american nebula velma bela and miss outer region um
i looked at it wrong for a second and i didn't realize i had a line of more nebulas that were in it which makes
it the 16th largest constellation in our sky so if you want to view
the constellation cygnus you should definitely view it at the time of 9 00 pm in september and so i know most
of us have seen um i know i have been able i've heard a lot about the crescent
nebula i know most of the genres here have seen that before and the consolation sickness i think is
very important um it's in the line of the milky way the plane so when you're looking into the sky
you'll just see a line of stars and that's kind of the milky way line the plane which people call it because it's kind
of all these stars are grouped together there um where i live because of the light pollution so bad i can't really see
too much of the belt um in the plane of the milky way across the sky
i can see a couple of more brighter stars but i know um i recently just got back
from key west um i went i can't i got back i have to say
june first i have to say and um you just got back me my mom drove
there and um we drove to key west from our house and
um i have to say uh we went to key west for today and when we were coming back at night it
was beautiful out because um there's not a lot of flight pollution out there because it's a lot of outsea
and i remember i was in the car and i was just looking out the window and there's just like a plane
of all these milky way stars and they're all just so beautiful because i've always heard about i've
seen the milky way playing once and i went to mount magazine and um and then i get to see it again
it's just breathtaking i'm like you every single time you look at it you even forget
that you're even that you've seen it before because you're just like wow this is so beautiful
and um the stargazing is amazing out there um it was beautiful and um it definitely
looked very pretty out in key west and i'm glad i'm back i get to do the star parties back again
and i get to share what the stargazing was like in key west i hope everybody
here gets to experience that yep you know what's down there libby is
the winter star party it's about it's in between marathon and key west so
you guys would have have to drive through all of that and it does have a beautiful they have a
beautiful sight where it is very dark out there and um
they will have it again in february of next year so maybe maybe you and your family are
there that would be great to have you uh at the event and you could see one of your
you know what a big star party is like down there yes um i i like being on the road um we
drove all the way from northwest arkansas to now all we went to um disney for my
brother's birthday and we celebrated for his 21st birthday so he definitely partied
for that and then we um went down to key largo and it was a lot of fun down there we
only um we only got to stay for two days down there because one day we spent driving
down and then the other day we spent just around key west and it's beautiful down there
that's great i'm glad you experienced that wonderful i like being on the road i like driving so
i like the open road so i'm about to drive anywhere that's great well i'm sure you
have many road trips you know wonderful road trips ahead of you that's great
um i'm gonna stop sharing my screen now um it's almost the 50th star party
that's right that's right yeah so you'll have to bring your game on libby yeah number five oh
i'm gonna instead of a ten minute talk it's gonna be like two hours [Music]
we will give you more time it is it's a good thing it's summer because if i had school
i'd probably have to skip the next day because i'd be staying up till like 2 a.m and i wouldn't be able i only get
like two hours of sleep yeah staying up to like four probably
you have lots of energy though libby and we we we're really uh pleased and uh happy that you
bring all your energy and passion to the global star party so thank you you get these people
pumped up so it's wonderful i'm so excited there's some of my age on this call now
yeah it's it's awesome yep that's right so sabella will be on and uh she's got a
very nice presentation i think he'll be impressed so that's great but up next is
deepti gatam uh from nepal and uh deepti has also been on our program many
times uh she's starting to do some poetry i don't know if she'll have a poem this time but uh
she is um she's gifted in that way and someone's very very interested in
astronomy very active in astronomy especially when it comes to young people and
women in astronomy in the country of nepal where she comes from so it's wonderful uh deepti you're you've
got the stage thank you scott and as i said in my recent poetry the
glory of the star party or is controvers and okay i'm going to start um like i'm talking
about the star formation and about the star so let's start a star is an astronomical object
which contains a luminous spirit of plasma held together by its own gravity
and the nearest star to earth is the sun and many other star are visible to the
naked eyes at night but due to their immense distance from earth they appear as fixed point of light in
the sky and start any massive uh self-luminous celestial body of
gas that's signed by the radiation derived from the internal energy source of the tens of
billions of trees billions of trillions of star composing the
observable universe one your very very small percentage are visible to the
naked eyes you know star life begins with the gravitational collapse of
gaseous nebula of material composed primarily of hydrogens along with helium and trash among the of
among amount of heavier elements and the total mass of star is the main factor that determines uh its
evolution and even um eventual fate and first most of its active life star science uh due to
the thermal nuclear fusions of hydrogen into helium in its course and
releasing energy that traverse the star interior and they radiates into outer space and at
the end of eastern's lifetime its core become stellar a white dwarf or and newton star or
if it is uh sufficiently massive of black hole is the cloud collapse individuals of
dense dust and gas um yes form warp gloves and as a global
collapse and the density increase the gravitational energy converts into heat and temperature rise
and when the pro protester cloud has approximately reached in reach the
stable conditions and of hydrostatics equilibrium of protesters from the core
and these premium sequences are often surrounded by protoplanetalities and power mainly by
the of course conversion conversion of gravitational energy and the period of gravitational constants last about 10
million years for stars like the sun and up to 100 million year for red darf and
yeah i have one poem by same winning worth we are all made of
star 13.8 billion years ago the universe exploded
into life cutting through space time like a celestial knife through water and bringing with it very
premutation and combination of event that will ever occur the remnants of the blast forget the
heat of the furious spas and the tiny particles come together to form elements of hydrogen and helium
with time this cloud of dusting gas build bonds that would last
coming together under gravity to form star which bond with nuclear fire
their temperature got higher and in the center of the this star in their very core the
hydrogen helium fused together to form new elements lithium beryllium and carbon is the
heavier element where created the star becomes so massive that they eventually collapse under the
weight of their own gravitational narcissism and another is
resulting in explosion of supernova this supernova scatter the star elements across the
universe where once more they come together under gravity to form a new star in new planets so our
solar system our sun and our earth are all made from the fragment of some
enzyme star thank you wow
wonderful dt thank you thank you i'm going to have to have those written out so that i can share them uh
really do your poems just like come to you and you just write them down as fast as you can or does it take a lot
of work no just while involving and sourcing
about them i can create and recently i'm writing the story in typical story about our society
in my native language so i'm utilizing my time for writing
while you're doing this you're writing poetry in wow okay smart girl
thank you so much dt wonderful wonderful thank you okay uh so up next here is uh
sabella burlingame and this is her first show on on global star party and uh sabella how
are you doing today good good well what do you think of global star party so far
i think it's pretty interesting like i i never knew um like my dad just when
they brought it up and then i'm like those things exist yeah i didn't know it
would what it would be like and it's so amazing like i can i've learned so much like just from this
well our our program has evolved by the contributions of all the
people uh the astronomers that have come on people like yourself sabella that uh decided to come on uh and be part of
this program it's not easy for a lot of people to go on to a program and think that oh well
i'm live and i'm on the spot and there's no rehearsal you know so but um uh you know let's
let's talk a little bit about you uh uh you're 11 years old right
yes yep in fifth grade uh same i think the same age as libby um and uh
you are going to space camp uh this year why don't you tell us a little bit about why
you know why did you get really interested in astronomy and space and all of that
you know what what what happened was it your parents was it something you found um so
actually when i was a little girl like a baby i was like look at the moon
um and then like um i think was it in like 2018 mars was um really close to the earth
and dad bought a telescope just so we can see it and i'm like and then he bought more
telescopes and then he bought more telescopes then in third grade my science fair came along
and um i did it based on um wasn't really a science project it
was just like a demonstration we had like the lego version of the saturn v rocket
cool and i had like a presentation about what um some of the apollo missions were
about um so and then fourth grade
um was when i applied for a scholarship for space camp and then a couple months later i got
accepted right so um and my presentation
will be about my um that project so wonderful wonderful
so um do you think i mean since i mean it sounds like almost like
from maybe birth you were kind of predisposed
to being really interested in astronomy and space and all of that uh you know seeing the moon
and looking through your dad's telescope do you have a telescope of your own now or um
yes um
right you know when i talked to libby about her experience at school and her friends
and the invite you know kind of her environment and stuff she has often kind of lamented that
uh you know i mean she's super interested in all things astronomy and space exploration
uh but a lot of her friends not so much do you run into that yourself or do you
find that you have a lot of friends that are also interested i have like way too many friends that
are interested in space actually um my friend delaney she wants to become an astronaut
my friend van wants to be a scientist um and then some of my other friends
want to help design rockets for nasa and
that's great that's wonderful you know so hopefully uh uh you and libby become uh
good friends as as we go forward here and i i hope that you come on our program uh regularly if you'd like um so
we're i think you'll find it interesting it's a it's a great opportunity
to you know hone your presentation style and all of that but
i can tell you're comfortable right now being on on our program so that's i'm glad about that that's great
so uh why don't you tell us a little bit about this video that we're gonna show here
uh before i show it um so basically it's gonna be about um i have an example here even though
it's not the exact color when you look through sunglasses it makes everything distorted um it kind of glare um
but um when you like the astronauts uh helmet visors they're gold so they're
tinted so they can't see colors normally and um because of the radiation they
have to have this gold visor and it's made of real it's made of real gold but they can
it's thin enough so that way they can see through the gold um but some astronauts have taken the risk
to lift it up but they're being exposed to radiation so it can be very dangerous sometimes
um so i wanted to design a way for astronauts um to see real colors in what's actually
happening without um without having to lift up their visors when they expose radiation
to protect their eyes and i guess their skin too so very interesting
very interesting so okay well we're going to show this and then
after i'm done with the video we'll come back to you and we'll wrap it up okay how does that sound
good okay so here we go
[Music] [Applause]
hello my name is sabella burlingame and this is my stem fair project
[Music]
i've always dreamed of becoming an astronaut someday so i wanted to do a scientific
investigation that was related to this challenging occupation
on earth when people are outside during daylight hours their eyes and skin are mostly protected
from the sun's radiation by our planet's thick atmosphere in outer space however there is little
atmosphere so the sun's radiation can be very dangerous to space travelers that is why astronauts need to
wear special space suits and helmets that has a visor this visor is tinted with a very thin
layer of real gold that blocks the sun's harmful radiation from their eyes
but i learned that this gold color makes everything look yellowish orange when the astronauts
look through their visors so they don't see the real colors of the objects they were studying
so they sometimes raised their gold visors to see colors better
unfortunately that also means their eyes and face are being exposed to dangerous radiation
so i wanted to see if i could do something to prevent that
in my research i learned that complementary colors are pairs of colors which when combined
or mixed cancel each other out a color wheel shows the 12 main colors
and wedges that are arranged in a circle like a pie each wedge shows the opposite colors
directly above or below their position on the wheel when i looked at the color wheel
i noticed that the opposite or complementary color of gold or orange yellow is a blue violet which
is also called indigo i also learned that the color of light coming from the sun on earth
looks different from the color of its light in outer space on earth it looks yellowish orange due
to our atmosphere while in space it looks white because there is far less atmosphere
these colors of light can be measured in kelvin degrees to find out their color temperatures
i learned that the color temperature of the sun on earth is 5 000 degrees kelvin
but 5900 degrees kelvin in outer space so to be accurate in my experiment i
wanted to try to duplicate this same color of light found in space to test my hypothesis
since indigo is the complementary or opposite color of gold i believe if i add an indigo filter
behind a gold one it will cancel out the gold and make all the colors in space look
more normal [Music]
i decided my control variables would be the color temperature and brightness of the lights the
distance from the lights to the color wheel chart inside the black box and the camera
settings used to take pictures of the results the changing variable would be the color of the wedges used in
the experiment the responding variable would be the actual colors seen on the color wheel poster located
inside the black box i created my design by following these
steps step one create large black box and put color wheel chart inside
step two light the color wheel with three ring lights and change the color
temperature for the lights until they reach 5900 degrees kelvin
which is the color temperature of the sun in space we use one of my dad's professional
video cameras to measure the color temperature step 3 make two identical color wheel discs
that i could see through with both eyes while spinning them on the outside of the box i made these with colored
cellophane and some clear dvd spacers that my dad saved from his work
these wedges are the same 12 colors that are on the color wheel inside except for blue green which i
didn't have room for because the discs were too small i also wanted to leave one of the wedges
clear without any color added so i could see what the colors on the wheel inside looked like without
any filters because i wanted to see what change these colors would make behind a gold visor i put
gold cellophane behind all of the wedges except the clear one
i slowly turn the colored discs on the front of the black box to see which wedge made the colors
inside appear the most normal behind the gold cellophane i was very happy to find out in this
experiment that indigo was by far the best color out of the 11 colors
to use behind a gold visor to correct the colors so my hypothesis was correct all of the
other colors made the colors on the color wheel poster inside the black box look worse so i
hope someday astronauts will have gold advisors with indigo in them
[Music]
[Applause] [Music]
do
[Music]
wow that was uh it was a great presentation sabella that's great um so let's
let's talk a little bit about that presentation and uh you know um
obviously that was a lot of work to get that all put together um you know what where did you get the
idea to to do this um so one day after piano lessons i
really um wanted to go to space camp and i was like please please please excuse me and then
they thought about it and they said yes um and then i um i remember that there's a scholarship
and then um i'm like maybe i can apply for scholarship and then um and then
uh like these side pockets and i pulled a pair of sunglasses out i'm like why can't i see through these
normally um and i'm like then then i'm like wait a minute i think astronauts have
the same problem so yeah like perfect idea like
that was the first idea and i liked it
perfect wonderful and did it take a long time to put all that together or you know what
was kind of the result of this you showed it to your class your fifth grade class uh where was it with other presentations
or did you just uh ask to to make this special presentation
yeah so everybody was required to do um a stem career project as you call it i personally like science fair
project better i don't know yeah um and um he asked like every
like at the end of every friday he asked everybody how they're doing i'm like i was done a year ago
um so this video took about a week then the project itself took about
four weeks so yeah a total about five weeks oh excellent this is a
wonderful job i'm i'm really really impressed and what was the what was the overall reaction i mean uh
i hope you got a a plus for that so yeah i haven't gotten my report card yet um
but everybody loved it um yeah they really was great wow
that's great awesome i was very happy well congratulations we got nice uh
you know our audience really loved it i know and um so we look forward to having you on
again uh you know and um consider yourself a uh a vip of the global star party
isabella thank you so much you are most welcome is there anything that you wanted to add before we go to break
i don't think so you don't think so okay all right well we're going to take a 10 minute break
and we'll be coming back with more of the global star party so uh take this time to go get a
cup of coffee or a sandwich or something or stretch your legs we'll see in a minute in 10 minutes
so it was a great job deep tea and libby and uh sabella thank you so much
you know to have so many young people on all at once like that is really inspiring you know so i i think for a lot of us we
feel like we got started too late you know so but it's never too late to get started
to uh explore the night sky and to learn more about science and to do your job
in supporting and promoting science uh for young people like like dt and sabella
and libby so i will be back um i'm going to take
stretch my legs for a minute as well so i came here but amazing work by the
three young ladies that was fantastic it was amazing it was really amazing i
can i can believe with those young kids uh thinking of all of that
this practically blow my mind you know maxie i'm great like i've
judged science fairs and so many of the projects miss out on you know context or the design or
this was this video she covered everything sabella that was fantastic every detail every single detail
i i i helped judge one of the online science fairs last summer during the whole coca things as it just
started and all the science fairs got cancelled and your video would have been up there
with some of the some of the top placements that i've seen that was that was your design was good but also just the
way you described the motivation and the context behind every single step
it was good i i'm really impressed she practically did the the scientific
i don't know how he said um the method yeah methodology exactly
perfectly now the research the experiments
the the data the conclusion the theory everything no no i can't believe it
yeah i think i'm gonna grab a coffee too i'll see you in a few minutes okay see you later
okay
cereal is fun
oh the birthday cake let me check
they left one piece
uh
okay [Music]
scott did you get yourself into your coffee i did get myself a cup of coffee
[Laughter] i actually have some of my birthday cake left here so
oh very nice what flavor
it is um called tres leches you know three oh yeah
yeah with fruits strawberries and grapes and you know so it's great
that way you're being nutritious it's balanced yeah and when you're coming up with
caffeinated coffee and and yeah that's jeff fuel for astronomers right there so
when you come here to argentina you will you will taste the leche yeah yeah
that's it's the best yes and also my
my fancy in every birthday of me prepares a
cake with we call em chocolate
uh [Music]
[Music] adrian is here too
let's see who all's here with us right now so we've got uh uh kareem jeffer and um
jerry hubble's with us uh maxie maxie is here with us from argentina and dt still on in adrian so it's all great
um we are going to go to you uh kareem uh next uh let me start by just
repeating how amazing the three young ladies were in the perspective absolutely right maxie and i were just
raving about them earlier i was so uh you know as i saw this kind
of all come together today because literally i just invited uh sabella i
i got a message from her dad it was just chatting with me on text you know and he said i think that
you might enjoy this and he sent me a link and i i saw her video and i just got oh my goodness i
said and you come on to the global star party tonight you know so i i thought you know i mean
it's it's it's uh i'm careful when it comes to um you know having kids
come on to a program like this you know i want them to be you know uh good with that i want their
parents to be good with it and everything i invited both her dad and her to be on at the
same time so i said well let me check with sabella
and i'll get right back to you and so i get a phone call about five minutes later and
sabella said no she wants to come on by herself and uh she wants to do this so
i thought well that's great you know so so but uh you know
talk to everyone ex express what she did and and also
deepti and and maybe sorry they are living
in in a huge a air area
area of astronomy astronautics and everything when i was a
little boy i only see documentaries on discovery channel national geographic
and and vhcs movies you know yeah
yes
and i still think beta is going to win i'm still holding out yeah oh yeah yeah know what i don't know
the video disc you know those big videos yeah the big the big yeah the laser discs the laser
that's right yeah those are being converted too what i'm holding out hope for kareem is uh
that we don't have as a lot of clouds when we go out and try and uh image and view parts of this eclipse
coming up on wood back on yeah everything i've got yep um
adrian and i have both joined in with this virtual telescope project to share our images tomorrow morning if we were
able to get any and that way they can be shared all across and we'll try to put them on the explorer scientific as well oh yeah
do you have a link for it now i'll see if i can find it yeah if you
find it in the chat i'll put it in our chat stream here i will look because i i
had been looking at it um here i think he uh
yeah i think this is the link right here yep i found the email all right adrian just send it right over
to me here in chat and we've got uh we've got a couple of our rasc members who are going up
north of thunder bay to get into the path of annularity so that they can try to catch the full annular
view and then we've reached out to a couple in the northern territories in iqaluit
we're hoping we can get a few images that would be fantastic yeah yep if i get any at all it'll be partial
i've opted to just go to where i think cloud cover will be minimum
although the cloud cloud cover forecasts are ever ever-changing whitefish point
is supposed to be the best place um here in michigan to see it it's way at
the top of michigan so it's it would be a gamble for me to
take that six hour drive yeah i would see more partiality and
more of the sun would be covered if i uh made it up that far but there were cloud forecasts for it
and if they rolled in i'd i'd would have wished i'd have just gone with my first uh instinct
and just gone three hours um so okay and i'm awesome i have it here
i'm also planning on calling i got two different links here one from
the virtual telescope link i'll put up there and then let's put this one up from newsweek
adrian that you sent over that's great um you know kareem before we get started
with your program um we should talk a little bit about the rasc and uh you guys run an amazing
outreach program you your guy heads it up there
what can you tell us about the rafc montreal center and i mean is it something that anybody
could join from russia yep we've actually got uh members from all over the world uh
we right now during covet times we're doing a lot online right so our clubhouses are all on zoom
our public events we've moved all virtual when covet ends and we start having in
person we're going to try to keep some of the online content especially with workshops
workshops clubhouses our library actually has a computer set up including a bank of
computers for people to be able to do astrophotography processing during our library nights wow so that way we can
also stream in zoom so that you know somebody like david levy when we have our big general meetings he's always a part of
them even though he's you know thousands of kilometers away you know astronomers are the early
adopters of all of this stuff anyways you know so uh and we've always had you know
we've shared our information around the world now we're able to share it faster almost in real time and um
you know so it's uh i think yeah we've been using remote telescopes
for a little while now uh we've got one in california run by the rasc but uh now thanks to pete and a few
others we're trying to add on to the fox network and the lco and a few others so that we can increase our outreach and
we can increase a little bit of the the depth of the outreach that we do yeah very cool
that's great all right all right um and i i appreciate you sent
over your bio i'm going to learn more about you i'm learning about you as as we as we
interact on this program but um uh you know i'll be making an
ambassador page with you on it and we'll be pointing back to the rafc and so um you know anyways i'm i'm
honored that you have come on to the program as often as you have thank you so much oh my pleasure i'm
enjoying it tonight i actually i started at our clubhouse meeting talking about uh ancient and indigenous
stories of the eclipse like i did for our previous gsp 47 and uh so today it's it's going to be
fun to talk about the life of a star and i just need to specify it's the astronomical kind
not the other hollywood stars that we're talking about um when scott told me the topic for this
one i i started kind of thinking about the different things that we can offer in terms of a talk and i was considering
the exoplanets but then jerry's fantastic with that so i thought you know let me talk a little bit about the actual
just the life of a star and deepti did a fantastic job setting the stage for this she went over a little bit of every part
of formation of the star what how a star stays stable and then how stars end
so what i want to do is i want to just kind of add in a few elements and a few images and visuals for each of
those stages to really kind of make it clear what we mean when we say a star
because there's so many different things that we picture when we talk about stars
whether it's astronomers or whether it's people sitting on the side of the road and we're talking to them about what they
see in the night sky we're sharing our telescope views with them so i wanted to spend a bit of time talking about that um
before i do i i talked to scott a little bit about the rasc and the rasc montreal center
and i just want to mention a couple of weeks ago i talked about this program that we launched on
an international astronomy day called creation station and seeing deepti libby and sabella today i
love seeing this passion in astronomy coming from young people and so what we've set up at the rasc is
a space in our website for kids to share their imagination about space whether it's short stories
whether it's poems whether it's comics whether it's drawing it's just something that you feel represents the
way you think about space we'd love to share with the world so if you're interested there's still time
till june 13th to go into the first stage of creation station
visit rasc.ca creation station and take a look through see
some of the inspiration that you can get for your imagination and then here at
the rafc we're currently working towards our general assembly and i loved hearing earlier from young about
the alcon the astronomy league convention at the end of the summer because we're doing our ga at the start of the
summer so our members can actually attend both and our ga is open to everyone it's not
just for rask members 100 virtual and the very first day june 25th
is specifically for youth the entire day is programming for youth by you so the
presenters will be you the workshop coordinators will be youth and the administrators who are
organizing that day are all youth members so if you're in the states and you want
to join go to rasc.ca go to the ga website and you can feel free to join it's 10
canadian for youth that's in american it's about the price of a big mac trio
so if you if you skip one lunch you can come to the ga that's right and then the saturday
sunday there's programming for everyone so that's also available for anyone to attend it's only the general meeting
that's for members only everything else is open to everyone now tonight's talk is actually
it's motivated from a project that a student did at john abbott college a couple of years
ago when i started doing the astronomy outreach i reached out into some of the other departments and one of the arts teachers
from arts and sciences decided to take her final project and have it inspired by
our astronomy library and one of the products that came out of that was a pitch for what would be a nice mural on
stellar evolution so eva goldblum the student who came up with this read through some of the books that we
had in the library talked to a bunch of the astronomers talked to me about the science of stars
and how they're born and how they age and she put together this schematic and said i would love to see this
at the planetarium so we made it into an actual pitch and lo and behold last year it's now a
actual mural on the wall of the planetarium in one of the workshop rooms for elementary school kids
so when they go there they see this whole mural and text in both languages english and
french explaining what this mural is showing you and that's what i want to do in today's presentation i want to like actually
walk you through the stages of a star to do that we're going to start with the star that's closest to us
the sun i remember i was talking to one of my colleagues in the uk and he was saying that his earliest memory about astronomy was
somebody telling him that if you took the sun and you shrank it to the size of the dot
on top of an eye on a typewriter the nearest next star will be 15
kilometers away so in terms of scale our sun
is our star it's what we can study because every other starfish to study is
so so far away that we really have to develop our understanding of stars based on the one
that's right beside us so here's a picture taken by one of our members this past sunday
of the sun with visible light with the solar filter and you can see a couple of small sun
spots you can't see too much else but when we take it in hydrogen alpha we can see a prominence in one corner
we can see it's relatively quiet today i went out i was working on my equipment to try to get ready for
tomorrow morning's angular eclipse and i took one more picture of the sun and there's still that prominence but
there's another prominence that's actually a triple loop just on the around 9 30 on the on the
circle and you've got that prominence that's now around one o'clock and so our sun looks relatively quiet
both in visual light and right now in hydrogen alpha we're just coming out of a solar minimum
but when we bring all of our tools together and all of the different wavelengths with which we can see our
sun it actually is incredibly dynamic in its behavior and when we bring all of our tools
together to examine these stars we really start to understand what makes these stars tick
now our sun appears to us to be heat we look at sunspots and the majority of
sunspots the majority of prominences and flares are all larger than the size of the earth today
the flare that i was looking at just off of the corner of the sun was about two earths in size
even compared to jupiter the king of our planets the sun is huge when we compare it to
some of the other stars that we can see in the night sky the sun doesn't look quite so big
wow our soul is incredibly small compared to a lot of these giants right beetlejuice has been an object of
interest for years and especially last year when it was dimming all of a sudden we were trying to figure out what was happening
why it was getting so much dimmer than it normally does in that part of the cycle we spent a lot of time trying to
understand the models of these large stars so it's important to recognize that
there's a limit to what we see when we look at stars now astronomers tend to
plot stars on what's called a hertzburn wrestle diagram if you take the brightness of the star
the luminosity and the temperature of the star which you can get off of the main
maximum color intensity that comes off that star like a black body and that's something that sabella
actually referred to in her color wheel by equating the colors to temperatures that's what she was talking about with
black body radiation when you do that you find that there's a lot of stars that
fall on this line called the main sequence and those are the stars that are burning hydrogen at their core
they're fusing hydrogen into helium and they're the 90 of the stars in the
milky way those are the things that we refer to typically when we think
a star their main sequence they're fusing hydrogen they're giving energy to
combat gravity pushing inward but then there's these giants which are incredibly luminous and
incredibly large even though they're cooler because they're so big they give off
a ton of brightness and so even if they're really far away we will see more of those than we will
the regular types of stars the main sequence stars because they're smaller so they're harder to see from far away
and so if we look at our nearest stars the ones that are the hardest to see are the dimmest ones but those are ones
that might be incredibly plentiful like red dwarfs and white ones so what we want to do when we come up
with a model of what stars are is we want to encompass not just what we see but the bias
in why we only see certain populations of stars so we start with the sun the main
sequence the one that we can see and test and observe the most and in these main
sequence stars we talk about what happens inside the sun so at the core of the sun
hydrogen is fusing into helium and that energy generation in the core is what
keeps the stars stable because every single object in the universe everything made of mass
is attracted to everything else from gravity that's the universal law of gravitation that's what describes all the orbits
that was that's what describes why we think dark matter exists is because the motion we see requires mass
more than what we can measure so when we're talking about gravity it's something that's so intrinsically
accepted that we know that these stars all of the bits all the gas that makes
up these stars is trying to squeeze really close together and what's keeping that from happening
is this energy generation from the inside because as stuff gets squeezed close together when i talk to kids the thing i
try to talk to them about is all right if you're in the backseat of the car by yourself you're happy
if another couple of your siblings or your friends are in the car with you you start to get jostled around in a
school bus when more and more kids come in the school bus you get jostled around and you get more and more energetic more and more violent
because you need your space you want your space gas is like that too when you push it
closer and closer together it moves around more because it's it's resisting that pressure to get really
really close together and that motion that kinetic energy that movement
is is how we measure temperature that is what temperature is so as the gravity pushes
inward on this material if the temperature is high enough then
as the gaskets move closer and closer together it confused to form new elements and in a main sequence star that's what happens
in the center at a temperature of 15 million degrees hydrogen fuses into helium giving off
energy that pushes outward through a radiative zone
now one of the neatest things about the sun is that energy that's formed in the center
moves through this radiative zone where it gets absorbed re-emitted absorbed re-emitted and
the energy keeps colliding into particles and particles collide into each other that's so many interactions
that it cools off as it goes out towards the convective zone
and then the sun is differentiated into this convective zone that acts kind of like a lava lamp where
you take hotter fluid at the bottom and as it moves to the top it cools up
and that takes you from a temperature of 15 million at the core
to close to 6 000 kelvin on the surface that process takes a hundred
thousand years for the energy created at the core of the sun
to get out to the surface and then from there it takes just over eight minutes to get to us here on earth
and that is the energy that gives us life here on earth and that's why it's so crucial that our
sun is a stable main sequence star because we can rely on relatively the same
amount of energy all the time recently the parker space probe went by venus and took
measurements of venus's density of its atmosphere and they compared it to earlier measurements which were taken
during a solar maximum and what they found is that the density of the atmosphere of venus changes
according to the solar maximum and solar minimum according to how many sunspots the sun has and how much energy it's
radiating out and how that energy comes out so our earth is far enough away that we're
relatively stable through solar maximum and solar minimum it may not be the case for planets like
venus that are much much closer to our star now
when we look out into the night sky we look at the constellations and we see that they're made of all these stars
that form a pattern in our minds and orion is one of the ones that i love looking at all through
the winter time and one of the reasons i love looking at orion is even with binoculars you can spot the orion nebula there
just under the belt now this is one of the pictures that i took with the rask robotic telescope and processed and
then i gave it to the students to process as well as one of the projects that they do in my course and we spend a lot of time on the orion
nebula because it's actually a nebula where we can see star formation happening
and all of that gas and dust that we see is giving rise to new stars
but what's fascinating is a couple of years ago the astrophysic the astronomy photo of
the day was this image of the orion nebula it's an image taken of 212
hours of exposure stacked over two years 2013 to 2014 1400
separate images and i have trouble seeing the orion nebula in this scott do you see it i i see it but
it's only because i know i know where it is but overland is lost in a bunch of nebulosity
exactly so look at how much gas and nebulosity there is there and we
focus on the orion nebula and the horsehead nebula and the flame nebula because they're really easy for us to capture
with just a couple of pictures or even just one long exposure but the amount of nebulosity in this
region makes it really rich for us to look at for star formation
because stars form from the gas and dust of this interstellar medium so
what is the interstellar medium the interstellar medium is not just the leftover stuff from the start of the
universe the hydrogen that began the universe the helium with a little bit of lithium and a little bit
of beryllium it's also extra elements that have been created from the death of other stars
and the collisions of galaxies and these other heavier atoms what are
called metals of course in astronomy those make up just a small portion of
the interstellar medium but the interstellar medium is not just gas it also has a little bit of actual dust
microscopic solid grains this is anything from like small molecules to
actual grains of silicates or even hydrocarbons in some cases
so the interstellar medium has a rich deposit of material that can create stars
and as those stars are formed how they're formed i'll talk about in a moment but as they're formed
they'll pull in as much of the material around them as they're able to for whatever the stellar processes are
and it turns out that whatever cloud creates each protostar only takes up about 30
percent of the hydrogen from that cloud the rest of the hydrogen is left behind and we're not 100
sure why initially we thought it was those jets coming out of these t-tori protostars
before they actually turn on and become main sequence stars before hydrogen fusion starts
these jets are coming off because the stars are spinning and the accretion disks this cloud is spinning
around it we thought that that's the reason why it pushes away some of the material but
it doesn't seem like it from our studies of the orion nebula so what it actually appears is that once
the process of the protostar being formed gets to a certain stage it now is
the material that's already there collapsing and it's not bringing in any more material
it's now forming that balance that hydrostatic equilibrium that will give us a new star the rest of
that material is left behind and can form planetary systems
and that's one of the things that we're looking at right now with our development of the theory of how planets are formed
for exoplanet systems and if we look at the orion nebula right now there are many
spots where you can see protostars or even stars themselves being made
now these protostars there's different different stages of how these stars are
formed you know first you have what are called bach globules which is when the nebulae get
a dense region that's just about to form a star then the actual collapse begins and
those are herbic herald objects and then the moment before they're really ready to
become main sequence stars before hydrogen fusion happens when those jets are coming out incredibly fast and
there's lots and lots of energy in the accretion from that collapsing cloud these are
tetori stars all of those are observed in the orion nebula
and we can see these stages of star formation up close as we look through so what we
believe happens is when you have this cloud of interstellar material something shocks it some sort of
pressure wave comes through whether that's a star dying somewhere whether it's a couple of different star
systems getting very close together and perturbing each other or even whether it's an object moving
through them very very quickly like a roaming black hole which is one of the actual suppositions
of the stellar black holes that are actually roaming through regions whatever it is that causes this shock
wave causes part of the cloud to become really really dense and as it becomes
really really dense bits of it start to come close together and that's what creates this protostar
this buck globule and that's what starts the star formation but these clouds are
huge like you saw that picture of the orion nebula these clouds can be incredibly
immense which means most of the time stars aren't born on their own even incredibly bright stars like sirius
a uh the sky news astrophoto of the day just of the week is actually a displacement
orbital composite of sirius b around sirius a taken by one of our
quebec astronomers most stars in our galaxy and we believe
in the universe are actually born in systems of binary tertiary four stars five star systems
or clusters of stars like the pleiades but the pleiades is one of my favorite
cluster of stars because it looks like it's just the seven sisters surrounded by a ton of dust
still left over right it's actually over a thousand stars in that cluster
wow so those clusters can either be full clusters where they're actually
orbiting around a common center of mass or just stellar associations a group of
stars that form together but they're not really gravitationally bound to each other but the key is all of these stars were
formed right around the same time so when we study clusters
we study stars that all began at the same age but there are different stages of
evolution depending on how much mass they have and dp actually referred to this when you have a protostar just starting
out if it has a ton of mass really really really massive like close to 40 solar
masses it can reach main sequence hydrogen fusion
in 100 000 years but if you have a star closer to our sun's mass it can take
over a billion years for it to actually reach stable stellar fusion
so these stars all form differently they all evolve differently and one thing we know is that all of
these stars when they reach main sequence they are fusing hydrogen in the center
what happens when the hydrogen runs out when the hydrogen runs out most stars the vast majority of stars
will start to compress more right because the hydrogens run out and as they compress more they heat up
as they heat up the outer envelope from the core now gets hot enough
to fuse hydrogen while the core gets hotter and hotter and hotter hopefully till it gets to 100 million
degrees and it can start to fuse helium so now you have helium fusing in the center and hydrogen fusing in the shell
if hydrogen is fusing in the shell and that creates energy that star blossoms into a giant and
that's the giant stage that most stars the vast majority of them reach
when they run out of hydrogen fuel in the core because there's still hydrogen on the outside of the star
it's only at the core that they've run out and at the core this helium can start to fuse
and that helium that starts to fuse now creates energy in the core
and more energy is being created on the outside so some of these stars actually start to pulse and those are
variable stars there's many different types of variable stars so as these stars go through i said
most of the stars become giants because the lowest mass stars never actually differentiate they
never develop the core the convective zone the radiative zone all of that
they actually constantly are convective which means that the hydrogen in the
entire star gets to fuse not just the part in the core so those ones burn incredibly slowly
they never become hot enough to start a helium fusion and they just continue to burn for
billions and billions of years and then they cool off into blackboard those are red dwarf
and those are a incredible number of stars medium mass stars are closer to our sun
our sun will become a giant and when it becomes a giant that outer shell is going to cause a whole bunch of
mass to be pushed outwards but it never gets hot enough to go past the helium stage in the center
so what happens when the helium runs out now you have a ton of mass really far
out from that core and the core has now run out of helium to fuse
so now the star starts to collapse inward and as it starts to collapse inwards all
of the stuff on the outside gets pushed outwards and that creates this ring of dust
and gas that we see forming beautiful nebulae like the ring nebulae the owl nebula the helix nebula they're
gorgeous gorgeous objects in our night sky those are the expanding shell of gas
that's giving off energy an incredible wavelength mostly from hydrogen with a little bit of helium a
little bit of oxygen a little bit of silicate etc but at the core the stuff is still
collapsing gravity is still pushing inwards and it's not hot enough to get to carbon fusion so it
keeps collapsing inwards until it reaches an actual quantum limit quantum physics is a realm of physics
that deals with the subatomic what happens when particles get really really close together or when you get to the
actual size of particles and it turns out that electrons the negatively charged
particles in our atoms can't occupy the same state
as any other electron and that electron degeneracy this lack of ability
of electrons to share energy values share quantum states
results in an object called a white dwarf which is stable as long as it's not too massive so up
until a mass of about 1.4 solar masses a white dwarf is completely stable and
it will just sit there hot and give off its energy so it's not very luminous some of them are
really hot but they cool down relatively quickly but those white dwarfs
are absolutely stable as long as they stay with the mass under 1.4 solar
problem is remember i said most stars are born in systems of more than one star
so you have a companion star and a white dwarf that companion star when it reaches
giant stage part of its material might enter the gravitational pull of the white dwarf
in which case it will pull that material onto its surface and that creates what's called a novae
and that's like the one that we've been watching in cassiopeia for the last two months it's a flash of mass igniting
on the surface of a white dwarf and it's from the fact that this mass is adding
on to the white dwarf and reaching that electron degeneracy stage but then we might ask what happens if
white dwarf gets too much of this mass and if it exceeds its 1.4 solar masses
its limit you get a type 1a supernova and that's one of these standard candles
that we use to measure distances in the universe and the reason is because every white
dwarf is pretty much the same thing it's a bunch of electrons pushing back on the
gravity of all the material pushing inwards and so when it reaches too much and you
go past that quantum limit the explosion is incredibly well defined
it gives off a certain amount of energy at a certain brightness an absolute magnitude for the astronomers in the audience
of minus 19.6 roughly and it leaves behind nothing all of the
energy goes into the explosion of the material outwards so you're left with nothing behind
and this incredible burst of energy and interstellar matter
but then you have larger stars and the larger stars when they start to form and when they
start to collapse they're not as easy to predict as medium stars like our sun
the bubble nebula is an incredible example of what's called a wolf reyette star it's a young
o star incredibly hot incredibly variable it gives off a ton of energy and the
energy is not just coming off as energy it's also actually solar wind it's hot gas being expelled
from this star constantly and that hot gas hits the cold gas of the interstellar
medium creating this bubble and when you subtract the stars you can see that bubble incredibly
clearly that bubble is actually the interaction of the hot stellar wind from this young
o star with the cold interstellar medium surrounding it
these larger stars these hotter stars as they run out of hydrogen and they
move to helium and then they run out of helium they get hot enough to fuse carbon and then they get hot enough to fuse
oxygen and neon and so many elements because at each stage as they press
further and further inwards the temperature gets high enough because there's enough gravity pushing down that more and more and more
and more fusion can happen to give off just that little bit of energy to keep it alive to keep that star alive
until you get to iron as you go through these stars hydrogen best life best source of
energy lasts for a really long time seven billion years then you have helium
500 000 carbon 600 years oxygen half a year silicon one day
and when it finishes fusing it's silly it's silicon it's left with iron and iron
can't produce energy it costs energy so now all of a sudden because it costs
energy the star continues to collapse now your end product depends on how much
of that star is left because the giant stage happened it shoved off a bunch of material when the
giant stage happened and at each of these stages at each of these fusion stages
more and more of the outside of the star gets pushed out but as that core collapses when it
reaches iron if the core that's left is less than about three and a third
solar masses or 3.2 solar masses you end up with a neutron star
you push past the electron degeneracy electrons and protons combine to form
neutrons and you're left with the neutron star in the center and that neutron star when it's formed
all of that energy all of that material pushing inwards to the neutron star rebounds with energy and that rebounding
energy goes through all of that material that the star had pushed out
and now you have extra energy going through all of these elements
everything from iron to hydrogen which means you create
heavier elements up to gold platinum you name it and that's why we say we're made of star
stuff because these dying stars when they supernovae the energy they give off creates all of
those heavier elements now with the crab nebula you actually can see
just over the last 10 years you can see that nebula continuing to expand
this is an amazing dynamic oh yeah this is this is one of my favorite images
exactly i mean this is this is remarkable that you can actually see the pulse as this is continuing to
move outwards for this amazing nebula that was created a long long time
ago right like this is the supernova 1054 and it's still bursting outward
those of us who are into astrophotography one of the best targets in cygnus is the
veil nebula and the veil nebula is a remnant of a supernova from five thousand to eight thousand
years ago so it's what the crab nebula will become in another four thousand to six thousand
years and that remnant from a star that's about fifteen 1500 light years from
earth it stretches three degrees in the night sky
and you can see not just the the hydrogen but also some of the oxygen and the
silicon giving off these amazing wavelengths and this energy that you can
still track through to rebuild the picture of what that supernovae looked like
now what if you exceed that 3.2 solar masses the neutron degeneracy that quantum
state can no longer hold back all of that material pushing inwards and
that's where physics comes to singularity
we don't know of any process that can hold back the complete implosion of all the
material left over the 3.2 solar masses at that supernovae level
so when that supernova happens and it comes closer and closer and closer inwards it collapses to a singularity and that
singularity takes all of that mass and combines it
somewhere to a point inside now we don't know what it looks like inside there because the gravity is so strong that
light can't escape that event horizon prevents us from seeing
any structure or any evidence of what's happening at the center of those black holes but
what we do know is that we've seen observations of these black holes by looking at binaries
where there's clearly a star orbiting something and that something has clear
stellar mass that's in the range that we are looking at for larger than a neutron star and it's
really really fast rotations fast orbital movement but there's nothing there that we can
detect and if there's nothing there that we can detect but the mass is so large
it fits our prediction of what a black hole would be so these stars that we see in the night
sky they come from the interstellar medium as they run out of fuel
they give back to the interstellar medium and their end projects become these incredible
complex objects white dwarfs neutron stars and black holes
that really help us to understand both quantum physics and gravity and general relativity and
help us to really see if our theories and our understanding of physics are correct so wishing you clear skies
look up and enjoy these stars because they really capture both your imagination
as well as your ability to understand the way the world works thank you wow that's great that's a
great presentation on uh types of stars seller evolution
the reasons that nova exists and how they occur all of this stuff
i'm sorry i went so long no no that was great it was great um there's uh uh
you know i guess there's you know several questions that might come up here let's see if so here's aaron thompson he
says if a star has the mass required for a black hole when it is a star and then collapses why
does it not have the gravity of a black hole when it's a star before it collapses
ah so it's because the gravity is not collapsed to a singularity so it's not all at one point but it's important to
recognize that if our sun was replaced by a black hole of the exact same mass
our orbit wouldn't change we're not close enough for that orbit to change
and the actual event horizon of the sun is so close inside of the actual object of
the sun that most of the mass is outside of that event rising so the point of a black hole that
eventualizing picture is that all of that mass has collapsed to a point
to a singularity and these event horizons are not incredibly large unless the
object is massive like this like the black holes that are at the center of galaxy
i see good answer um
any other questions here i i had a question and it's this is
something uh the corona of the sun we talked about how it's incredibly hot at the core
and it's getting cooler and cooler until we get to you know the so-called surface of the star um
why or what's happening to make the corona
so hot like hundreds of times hotter than the surface that's the magnetic field lines the
magnetic field lines capture the ions and accelerate them in such a way
that you end up with trapped plasma which really creates these
hot hot regions around the corona and around that part of the star so one
of the really dynamic things about stellar evolution is trying to understand the
way in which the magnetic field works because for our sun the magnetic field flips every 11 years and that flipping of the magnetic field
comes from this complexity that happens when you go from solar minimum to solar maximum
you end up with all these sun spots and all these magnetic field lines that wind up with each other
and as they do that there's more and more energy being captured and stored in release
and that's what gives you that temperature of the corona and jerry had something to add to that
yeah that's a picture that is that like a frictional effect or you know it's it's k it's turning uh
kinetic energy into into heat basically is that right with
the magnetic field forcing that material to do that that's what does it for the actual
plasma loops yeah yeah but then the area around the plasma loops that's hot ions that seems to be
actual magnetic heating and in putting together this
presentation uh did you look at any maybe any new information coming from like the parker
solar probe i did and that's one of the interesting things is the solar wind
is an entire an entire talk in and of itself because the solar wind what we thought
we understood about it we're starting to find out that the density changes and how far the solar wind pushes
is really different than what we thought it's it's part of and even if you look at
voyager going out past the heliopause and into the interstellar medium we're realizing that
our picture of the heliopause and how far our solar wind extends was actually pretty pretty good
out there but close to the sun our picture isn't complete and so the parker space pro right now
with the with especially with the sampling it's doing around ten thousand kilometers from the surface
it's giving amazing data and it's really causing us to revisit our hydrostatic equilibrium
models right fantastic corrine thank you so much
uh up next is uh jerry hubbell from the mark slater remote observatory he's had his mission
control right now and jerry has done a lot of programs with me
he he and i were i think that we kind of brainstormed the idea of of having something like a
global star party uh way back when and um uh we started uh
the gsps and i think it was august 4th of last year
and uh and we're quickly climbing up our next one next week will be the 50th one so jerry
thanks for all your contributions and all the great work you've done and outreach and just uh inspiration
overall so so i'll turn it over to you thank you scott i uh i appreciate that very much and uh
i'm i'm starting to think that i'm into too many different things it's just there's a lot that i'm
involved with in astronomy and it's because i'm just so excited about learning different things about
astronomy and that's something that uh that amateurs i guess
you start to get into certain things and then you discover new things you say oh i want to go into that now or i want to go into this now and
that kind of drives your equipment purchases and other things that you're into you know as your as
your so-called astronomy career your personal hobby grows and changes over time and i think
people will will see that uh and so there's nothing to
there's nothing out out there that you'll ever lose your passion about if you if you keep learning and one of
the most recent things that i've gotten into over the last three or four years is exoplanets i
started out really interested uh 10 12 years ago
when i got back into astronomy i was a visual astronomy astronomer during you know when i was in high school and
then during the 80s i got a nicer smith cast green telescope and then i got away from it
and then 12 years ago 13 years ago i i started looking at what the technology was doing
in astronomy and i'd always been interested in asteroids and being able to track asteroids and
damage their position and calculate orbits and stuff like that and that's kind of what started me down this
my most recent uh astronomy career basically 10 12 13 years ago and uh
but it's involved i mean i learned about astrometry which is a measurement of
position in the sky and then i learned about photometry and how to do brightness calculations
and measurements of different objects you know [Music] asteroids minor planets and other things
and then when you start getting into photography you learn about light curves okay and how things change and that's
really when it gets exciting because that's really what astronomy is about is about change in the universe it's not this
static picture i talked about it with scott all the time when we were kids we learned about the fixed stars
you know and and the solar system was more dynamic but the stars were fixed
but that's not the case at all there's change all around us and so that's what's exciting about
astronomy and and um you know there's two two different sides of astronomy for most most
amateurs and i don't like the tournament i mean amateur astronomer means you love astronomy for it what it is but again i
like to i like to say we're all just astronomers professionals manage to make money at it and and
amateurs love it for what it is but we're all astronomers and you and you learn how how to do things
uh and so astronomers everywhere can learn about the science of astronomy or
how to do beautiful pictures and i've always more been into the science of it but there's nothing wrong
with beautiful pictures because it really helps bring astronomy to to the to the world
basically and gets people interested in it um so once i learned about light curves
then you start to learn about okay photometry is a basic fundamental of you know you know
astronomy just like a strong astrometry you got photometry then you got spectroscopy so you get those three
pillars of astronomy to do measurements and you can learn so much about all these different objects using those
techniques and so exoplanets is kind of an extension of that
you measure from an from an amateur astronomy and equipment that we have you
you learn how to do photometry is applied to exoplanets and
it's because of the transit method uh so just like it's kind of a
coincidence that we have an annular eclipse tomorrow and it's the moon transiting the sun is what that is
right it's crossing the face of the sun and that's exactly how we look at exoplanets we look at these planets
crossing the face of the star and measure the brightness change
so i'm gonna i'm gonna share my my uh screen now let me see if i got my correct um
[Music] thing that i want to show here for right
now um just select that make it show up here so
i'm going to go this is kind of a general thing um i'm just going to go over
the basics of what exoplanet absorbing is all about for amateur astronomers and for professionals too they do you
know transit method is really one of the most effective ways to
search for and and discover exoplanets uh in the sky and that's what uh the
kepler space probe was all about and and looking at for exoplanets and also the
tess mission and the interesting thing about the test thing about the test mission is that
it's using four telescopes grouped together that are amateur sized telescopes they're four
inch telescopes and they're very wide fields so the pixels are very large in terms of the
angular size of the pixel but in terms of the telescopes used it's similar
very much to what amateurs use are actually smaller in some cases so i thought that was pretty interesting
when i learned about the test mission but i i wrote this article in australia
it came out in astronomy magazine last week or last year i'm saying uh about a year ago and i want to use it to
kind of show some graphics here that that really talk about what transits are all about
on the exoplanet and again so this is a this uh on the left is a a little
easy diagram to see how an exoplanet passes in front of the star and we have
to be in line uh so that we see the actual
planet cross in front of the star otherwise if it if we're at a different angle it's called the inclination of the orbit
we wouldn't see it so the inclination has to be very tight
close to 90 degrees which is basically a 90 degree inclination would be a straight line across the star
and and typically it's like 87 88 degrees something like that which
means it's tilted like like is shown here and you get a profile of the light
when the uh exoplanet ingresses into this and in front of the star and then it
passes and then it egresses the star and then goes around and then once it
egresses of course you don't see it all you see is the star so you get the bass line can you see my cursor here pretty good
you've got the baseline when the exoplanet is outside of the
star and then that's the bright full brightness of the star and then as it starts to pass in front
you start the light you see the light dim a tiny bit and we're talking
uh less than or equal to about one percent change in the light and the brightness
and so it dips up to one percent or so and then it settles out once it crosses
and it settles out now this is this is not a hundred percent accurate light curve it's very
similar it's a flat bottom but it could be curved a little bit on the bottom and then when it egresses it comes back
up to normal and that's what a transit is so you're taking a measurement to measure this brightness it's a one
percent dip in the light to and depending on the precision of the measurement you either
can just detect it which means yes that's a that's an exoplanet dip it's got that
characteristic shape of an exoplanet and really the shape the size of the planet uh determines how
deep the what the depth of that dip is and also how flat or how long this flatness of
the bottom is so for example if you to compare this to a binary star system
where you have one star passing in front of the other and let's say
the light we've got two different stars one's
bigger than the other one's going to be brighter than the other so you're going to have the light changing as one passes in front of the other
but the but the size of this other star is going to be such a
significant size compared to this the main star is that you're going to have more of a v-shaped curve it's going
to come way down maybe have a short flat section and come way up and the
depth is going to be much greater with a binary star system an
eclipsing binary is what it's called so that's the difference that's how you can tell if it's an exoplanet compared
to eclipsing binary is the shape of this curve also that's part of what we do when we detect
whether it's an exoplanet or an eclipsing binary and that was part of the mission of the
ground team for the tess team so tess could only detect whether the light dimmed or not
they didn't know then the pixel size was so large that you couldn't tell which star
it was coming from so we they rely on ground-based systems to do a higher precision measurement and
to spatially determine which star in the background is actually causing the dip
or actually being eclipsed or transited [Music] and that's part of the mission of the
ground teams of the test mission follow-up team um
and they have to they have to determine whether it's an eclipsing binary or if it's an actual transit
that's the job of the seeing limited group that i'm a member of with the test team is to say oh is this
an eclipsing binary or or is it an actual exoplanet candidate so that's that's
part of that and one of the things um i'll get into let's see what else can i talk about so
that's basically how how um the measurement works you just make the measurement with the
brightness now one of the other things that i did um at the mark slater remote observation
observatory two or three years ago is i discovered a paper about um a new
method that professionals were using with a new type of filter uh it's not really a filter it's more of a
it's a it's called an engineered diffuser
it creates a light pattern on your on your imager that's different than a normal star
profile and it's done that way for a specific reason so you get a highly precise
measurement of the light one of the things you can do
to increase the precision of the measurement is to gather more of the light
and in order to do that without overexposing you have to spread the light out so that you have more pixels measuring
that that star brightness so they say you have you don't over expose the light so you gather more photons
basically the key to precision is to gather as many photons as you can get away with and the only way to gas gather more
photons when you have a bucket that can only have so many photons in it which is what a pixel is it's like a bucket you can only fill up
so much is to have more buckets so you're trying to gather like for example if you want to gather
a swimming pool's worth of rain when it's raining instead of just
a bathtub then you have to have more buckets right to gather all those all that rain and
that's what you're trying to do is to measure together all that light to be able to do a high
uh higher precision measurement of the light to get the uh to be able to detect and
to measure these transits so this engineered diffuser is used to spread the light out into a specific
profile and this is on the right here is what uh what what it kind of looks like and then
you can do this you do an annulus and aperture measurement it's called a
differential photometry aperture differential photometry uh where you
compare the light from one star to the other to measure the change in brightness
of that light so that's the method it's a foot as
precision photometric method using that diffuser
and here's another couple of diagrams that kind of show
when you gather more light statistically whenever you measure any kind of
radiation the more signal you have the higher the signal-to-noise ratio
[Music] the signal goes up much faster than the noise does
basically because the square root function so the signal so if you take the statistically this
the square root of the signal is equal to the noise so as you get much more signal this you take the square root of the signal
the noise ratio goes up which is what's shown in this graph and that gets you the precision you need to
be able to measure the light to detect these transits
these exoplanet transits one other thing let me see
is a standard standard uh light when it's when it's out of focus from a
star it's got this point spread function it's like this gaussian bell shaped curve
across the ccd image all right so that's what it looks like in the profile the
brightness of the pixels goes up with this curve and then comes back down when it across several pixels but the
diffuser makes it um kind of a flat
profile you can see it's called a top hat profile and so that helps you to do a more
precise measurement also that that diffuser really helps you to spread the light out which is what you
want but also that makes it uh much better and more consistent one of the things
that you deal with with noise is not just the so-called shot noise or the statistical
noise of the light but also scintillation when the sky moves around
and it's jumping around and you're trying to do this measurement that that's a source of noise
this this uh diffuser helps to mitigate that because it actually
projects light across this whole profile and makes it real steady
so that's one of the thing that helps to do a highly precise measurement also and this is on the left here you
can see what this filter looks like it's not really a filter but it's a diffuser
it kind of looks like a frosted glass in a way
here's what our system looks like in the mark slade remote observatory it's a six inch
six and a half inch uh apple refractor um on our g11 mount um
and it's it's typical size for amateur instrument now this is a big
refractor of course it's a very expensive one but in terms of light gathering capability you can buy
telescopes that have 8 10 12 inch objectives that are that can gather much
dimmer light than this than what we can gather and uh do this similar type of work
uh with a schmidt castering type telescope so that's an overall look at how exoplanet
exoplanets are observed and measured
excellent we've uh we've talked at various times in the past about this
diffuser and using this diffuser method um one of the there's advantages to using
this diffuser uh being uh uh that it can cancel out uh scintillation problems right and uh
and also maybe some driving error problems right tracking errors so uh yeah that so it mitigates that
stuff quite a bit so it really brings the capability to
instruments and systems that aren't as you know highly developed as professional systems are with their
tracking ability and their um and other things that are involved with getting these
you know high dollar systems to to be perfect as they can be and it brings it down to
where you can as an amateur you can um work around these problems i i wouldn't
say work around i would say uh mitigate the issue basically was seeing
scintillation and um and tracking and this diffuser is relatively
low cost it's very similar in price to a standard photometric filter system
any of the you know v-band or cousins you know johnson cousins filters it's
about the same you know high quality filter right well up next is uh
cesar brolo and uh pedro's sizar uh caesar's been on
uh maybe all i think maybe he's missed maybe one or two global star parties
pedro has been on i think only once or twice before and pedro is
a research scientist and i think you studied in um
ohio is that right pedro i i yes i did my phd degree in ohio
state yes well i've been teaching for for many years i
gave up research a long time ago and and devoted my professional career to
teaching which is a great passion teaching and writing were also i wish right the most wonderful
so that's what i'm doing now even here [Music]
that's great well caesar i'll turn this over to you and i'll let you take it away okay okay
yes um the the thing that we was talking with pedro uh
was about the idea to talk about stars the coincidence was that
you uh prepare the an especially the um
global surprise about stars um was a great coincidence uh because we
i i start to think uh to to talk about something that amateurs we
have in our pictures and normally we have the three channels and
we can of course the first thing is in our pictures that we make
we can see many many different of colors in the stars and the idea
of take pictures is not only something like only
something well i i don't have the the word something something uh quite uh or uh nice
uh pictures if not is make us make questions about the the color of
the stars or especially uh for me was something like this say
okay one question is um why i think that for me it's okay that
a strong star is white or blue but a
small star is red in my ideas in my my first
my first sensations um uh but when you talk about a giant red star um
uh this is my first uh question is why i started to to
to to think in color of the start uh when uh i took a picture of it of the
area of shovel walks in the near to the south cross and uh and started this beta
cruises have a very very near to this star that is a blue star a red one that is
that is the the most red uh star in the in the sky
and i i i thought at this moment i say okay we
need to talk about this why why the stars why the people say okay this star is
it's the red the the most red uh star in the sky
and this is uh why i i talked with my friend
pedro that uh he can explain better things about
pedro uh all right then okay my
connection is unstable so i i switched to the handphone to see if it
helps improvement i hope you are copying me well because i can't i couldn't understand half of the
things that cesar said uh said even though he i'm sure he was
clear enough he was a controversial but you you know because we told earlier yeah
it was my connection not cesar's english which was quite good so um
i'm going to show you just a little presentation very brief [Music]
um [Music]
uh well this is a picture since i was talking about here is pedagris one of the brightest
stars in the southern cross and here is the jewel box
and you see there are many many stars that look white but if we look
close enough we see that some of them look a little bit reddish here here
over here here especially this one this new one looks very red
so it's it's kind of interesting the fact that most the stars look red in the pictures uh
sorry most look white in the picture but the red looks red something like that happens when we
look at the style visually as well the most stars look white but there are a
few very bright stars that are reddish so it's
it's a classical question why why the stars look like that right we cannot answer
like the sun says the sky is blue and so on um
but the stars some stars are red and uh as it sells some [Music]
some some of the most luminous stars in the sky are also red giants
so they have red and highly luminous even though we tend to think that the red stars are as
small and important um so how do we answer this and how we
can especially how can you uh take the inside of these things uh with your
own images of the sky right so what i did was to ask
cesaro okay share with me the original uh the the original pictures that you
took for before you made this composite photo and again in
r g and b right in red green and blue i i can't believe the
the red and blue and this is just this little area i need a little bit of
a zoom this is this is a in blue color
and uh but it looks black and white because the colors will appear when you combine
all three all three leaders or all three filter photographs um
well you see more or less the same thing we did before but when we switch to the rail to the right photograph
you don't see much of a difference but if we pay attention here for instance you need to start on top of the of bed
accuracies on top of the big one this is in blue this is in red you can see that the
stars change very very they may become all of them a little bit brighter just this is where
you do the contrast with photograph while you know you you guys are probably more experts than me
on astrophotography so you can either you can
interpret what's going on here but one one thing that that happens is that this star
becomes leaner in the in the in blue light in in red light
becomes brighter beta cruises is the other way around
because bright becomes immersed just the opposite way the others do so this
intense this great change is it goes beyond what the rest of the
stars do right you you can see that all the stars very very very little
but this one these two change a lot so this has to do with the with the
intensities uh the intensity of the light across those two
filters right there is another one here for instance you see this i don't know
well i think i had an arrow somewhere here but i lost it um
if you look at the here at the top left of the brightest star here uh
this is a very faint star when we go to red
is that one uh no it's not that one
well i i loved it i we can't sorry
we can we can look at anyway we can look at the um
here the at the jewel box the famous uh red gem in the heart of the of the
cross the same thing happens
yes it's my girl because my picture is not so great
the difference yeah okay
it's right there in the in the center of this little triangle here of stars
okay so how do we explain these things um here is uh
you probably know we have seen this before is the the black the famous black body curve
we have here a diagram where in the x-axis we have uh weightless and brightness of the
stars in relative brightness in the vertical axis
basically what we see here is how uh in theoretical how the the energy of the
star gets distributed across a different wavelengths and this will be the
um the visible spectrum the visible weightless uh this is for the for start with the
temperature similar to our sun so as we can see most of the light for for a star like
the sun becomes brightest in yellow and green and
something like 70 percent of that maximum in the blue so we lose about 30 percent
and we use about 80 in the red so there is a little bit of
more lost in blue than in the red that is that's the reason why if you put
on blue glasses then you will see the the world a lot dimmer
than if you put yellow glasses or red glasses with red glass
right because the sun and it's much less blue light than red light or
yellow light um if you go into the infrared it continues dropping into the ultraviolet
it continues to open right now what happens with that with our red and
blue stars this will be the curve for a red star right the peak is in the red so you can
see that in blue and green drops like 40 and in blue drops down to about 10
percent so that means that a red star
emits a lot less because this side falls so sharply oops
it was so sharp sharply you lose a lot of light in the rest of
the spectrum that's why the red becomes extremely dominant with respect to the other
to the other colors um [Music] but the the same is not it's not the
same for a blue star if we have a group that this would be like the one was a styrofoam
[Music] 3500 degrees
this one is for a star about 9000 degrees right so the peak is in the past the
the blue the valley and the ultraviolet and the rail is down here so
it continuously loses energy from the blue into the rail
so instead like this we should see mostly blue so why don't we see blue well
very lightly in the in the photographs um the the ccds are more sensitive
into the longer wavelengths so this is very being leveled off and then you
get like a more level curve here and and then all the all the wavelengths are
sort of even out more or less um there is not that much effect that
that integrates as a as a whitish color right i hope i mean clear what i mean
um and in the case of our eyes we see um our eyes are also
centered like a or center in the you know part of the spectrum
so we um we also uh cut off some of the blue
light so um this sort of levels of and um and give us a feeling of
observing white um this is more more so when you look at
the stars of darkness speaking in in the green because this big will be right here in
the middle um so basically
when when you look at the
images taken in different theaters when when the filter is in the blue
the hottest stars will stand up they will show brighter when you look at the filter in the red
the cooler style will stand brightest so doing photometry is like doing
broadband spectroscopy you are you're just cutting chunks of
spectrum of the spectrum into into one big piece right and
um and and you can play around with images and try to to hand for visually which
stars are are cooler and which starts in hotter when seeing how much the light
changes uh when when you jump from one feather to the next you can see which stars
may be cooler and which stars may be hotter um
of course uh you you can find full time you take an image like that and if you go into a software like a
stellarium you can find there um an that says color index
the that number gives you an idea of of how hot or cool the star is if that number
is is close to is past one or two positive one or positive that means
that the star is is very cool it's very cold and um and it's therefore it's a very
red star okay and then you can compare what you see in your images with
you you find it in yesterday and find the the the measure color of your
of your stars um [Music] once we we understand understand
the colors of the stars and how it relates to temperatures then we can go on and and study
the luminosities of the stars and then go to the next step the hr diagram
and that's what cesar is interested about so but that that would be
[Music] stuff for another talk maybe yeah
yes it's something that that you tell us that [Music]
what the first thing is that uh we thought in in this
[Music] blue giant stars and yes uh is this is
different that we imagine about the color of the star it's not only the size or or the
or you know how all is of course that is really interesting
well i'm continuing to take pictures with much better uh i think that maybe
but with better quality ah yes i i love the see you in patagonia
argentina amigos yeah yeah see
pedro pedito is is really he's it's lucky to live in patagonia
it's a great yes actually i i took that picture
really ah whoa yes it's not yeah and the one that is behind the one that
is behind me with the the birds flying on the sea i took that one too
that that picture behind me is in camarones yeah
the 2017 eclipse happened yes the annular eclipse
we we were together yes making the the the solar
eclipse farming this was the the first one the second one was in san juan and the third was
in in the windy in the windy eclipse
yes yes it's come now because i i was like a weather report man in a hurricane
because we had the most wind eclipse that i i ever seen but if the
patagonia is normal it's a case the people say it's a little windy
and the things are shiny last yeah a lot of dust
it's useless no that's good to know of course if it does i'll bring a hat in
case it does the one out of 320 something days uh 360 days if it's the
one day it does have precipitation i'll at least have a hat but the rest
uh sounds good i would love to visit that beach at night of course yeah yes
you other than that you love yes adrian loves to take pictures of the
milky way and of course that that milky way patagonia is amazing yeah it's like there's
something on the other side i don't get it yeah it's
what i don't get to see and you see the one in my background if i go this way that's it we get the
cygnus region and we go north you go you go all the way down
past the trees and even further so it is something i am looking forward to
um sometime um within the next few years i would like to image yeah
don't make it too long because it is i mean once you've seen it you'll go wow why
why did i wait so long to yeah you know it's kind of like bring
a sweater and it's very cold here when the milky way
is is uprising yeah okay so the time of our summer exactly that's that's fine
i know this means there will be less people to interrupt my imaging i i was i was looking at the at the
milky way uh last week and it was right above overhead i wanted to
to show it to to to a family and uh we we and the telescope it was so high
the southern cross i i couldn't point the telescope to the to the sun cross
because i had to wait i had to wait uh yeah we we didn't because also it was
extremely cold it was like zero degrees so we went inside
yeah and we decided to wait for spring for spring fail
yeah so i have to go in the winter when it's most brilliant and my camera would stay cold too
so that's uh i would have to turn it colder in patagonia of course yeah bring out your batteries you know
yeah only i've got some of those yeah yeah well more more reason to um more reason to
convert one of my my uh canon camera because it it would do a great job i've i've taken
to using a converted camera this is without a converted camera it was in a portal 2 sky anything less
and a converted camera would get you all of the detail that you see here and um
you know those i know we're keeping with our theme of stars just so many of them in the milky way
even the northern part stretches um you know all the way across the southern
part of the sky and it's it can be amazing just how many stars are
you we're seeing in that in that one region so it's amazing yeah yeah well
well up next is maxi folares and my maxi is also from argentina he's been
on our program now i think this is program number three or
you know we love it so uh maxie uh has uh shaken up the
amateur astrophotography world with his amazing images uh using uh you know his modified
smart smartphone camera and and showing amateur astronomers how
they can do really stunning work with very low cost equipment
you know and but uh using uh you know all the techniques that are available to amateur
astrophotographers today uh maxi uh yeah really just uh blew our minds
the first time we got to see these images so yeah but um so i'm
i'm really glad that you're on the show again maxie um uh we we like your uh demeanor
and uh uh your your willingness to share your secrets with this audience so
i'll turn it over to you okay thank you thank you everybody good night
so basically what i want to talk tonight is um
what i did last weekend i didn't have to i couldn't have to work
with my cellphone because i have some issues with the battery and everything so basically i use a little
a planetary camera to do deep sky objects
i have a qh y5 monochrome all right
some l rgb filters and i'm still practice on it
because i have so a lot to to still
learning how to process how to get focus but i
could take a i can take almost a 40 minutes
pictures of 15 seconds maybe with gain 16 in rgb but
in luminance i did almost uh two hours in 50 seconds my
my hard drive it doesn't blow but that's how that's a process yes
so with patience a practice and then over and over again uh let me
show you my screen uh where is it
no way ah down here sorry okay
you're seeing right now yes well basically what i did uh well this
is in a street
virtually but you can see the pillars of creation
and when i stretch virtually this is what looks this
uh when i see this in the box like i was talking more early i
i couldn't believe that i can take this you know this little star and the the enabler the
gas the dust and everything the the the pilots and this clouds
uh floating somewhere right because constructing the
the the deep on the and everything but basically
uh let me show you where i no sorry this is uh
here well
um a few minutes ago pedro was talking about to
the the channels that was taking pictures in blue red and green
when you see in a luminance photo right but this is
in blue channel you can see the stars something maybe i go
this is in green channel and this is in real channel
and this is what i get
and this is with a planetary camera uh every i i have one of those cameras
maxie uh i would i'm very impressed
with this i used that camera just as an auto guider you know yes i did i i do
the same but i don't have another guide camera so yeah apparently you don't need
you don't need maxi doesn't need to buy a high-end uh astro camera because he makes
he makes an inexpensive camera really performed yeah i think that's uh that's a huge
thing to see because you yeah it can get cost prohibitive
to buy the expensive cameras whereas if right technique um you
can have your own very own beautiful uh deep space objects and uh exactly
and you see this is the the the fob the fob
of the camera and my 8 inches telescope so
it's very soon imagine and when i see the structure the arms
the the little nebulas [Laughter]
maybe the process it wasn't very good the stars the color of the stars maybe it doesn't
good but it's a galaxy at 15 million light years million from us
so then [Music] i did the eagle ninja but
only in luminance because the the clouds come that night
this was the last weekend but this weekend this saturday will
have a very good weather here that's what meet blue says
and uh with some friends we are going to to
a place where in the future in a few months it will be the new
observatory in the region of my city it's an old a farm school
that it doesn't uh um goes anymore like like a school but
it the the government of that city it will um embarrassment
to rebuild the place and do it for do astronomy observations to
bring all of a material astronomers and professional astronomers astronomers to to go to
do astrophotography or studies and also the schools of the region to do um
presentations to go to and you have the
entire farm sky that's why i here with the light
pollution map this is civil koi where i'm from yeah
this is the city of alberti and the school the the the new observatory it will be
let me see uh this is the right here oh it's in the dark area
so we have a maybe in the southeast but at the
west and also at the senate the sky was amazing you see the shadow
of chilego alberti pragado and chicago
the government that publishes the leasing of the public listing to rebuild
this the structure to uh you you can see it's a an old very old
structure because this was built maybe in the 29th century
i think when the city was founded so very good and
this was promoted this was promoted by marcos santa rosa the this guy here in
the in the chat and that he's the director of
from another school and he's also a a teacher and
we we talked with him almost one year ago he told me that project but with the
pandemic situation and everything he thought that maybe it won't be run but
the government said the government says we will do it because the people need this so this is this is
amazing because it is amazing it's great
we are we have a situation of monetary and economy very bad here
and also
that explains why you do so much with uh with uh humble equipment you have
learned to make a way you see the the the official
money that requires is a 20 um
29 millions of pesos in dollars it will be six hundred cm
sixty dollars thousands one hundred sixty thousand dollars yeah exactly
so so for that but uh maybe it's not a lot of money but to do
this it's okay it's still it's it's a it's a great investment
into science and science education exactly in your community and that that
does build up uh societies i you know i'm very convinced of that so
um i hope this this will will continue
because we need this we have another observatory in mercedes it's more like the in the
east let me show you uh this is chilego this is the road the the road five pacha mercedes
and the observatory is from here but with the pandemic situation is
a for now it's not opening to people
but we need this in here here in chibo also we have um
what we call parque del silosur the the park of the southern skies okay
this was a project of my professional my professor of physics armando sandanel uh that he
built a park with with play to to to make a of course
a culture of astronomy but from ludic games for the young
people the young kids let me show you without the light pollution
because it doesn't matter here but a little bit because it is in the city
and we have a soccer field that
i can see near the other way okay okay so
this is chibigoy you can see it's every square
okay so this is where i live from here but the park you can see
in the from google maps [Music]
here this is the entrance these
are the ludic games a relay relationship with astronomy
and you can see the um the place the from the
the games they are pointing to the
geographical uh coordinates the north the south the west and the
east but also the others here's a place where you can go to the rooftop
to do some observations but also inside of the building is
where the the congress happens and people like
other professors and professional astronomers and educators go to uh here
and do some chats this is a place a very good thing about it but
to do some uh observations to bring people to to see
a delay pollution really killed us because this is
where is it right now oh yeah well it's very purple
and let me i don't find it well certainly for deep sky work it would you know for planets stars
you know spreading stars some constellations uh yeah i i remember before the pandemic
in february we have been doing some observation with armando and other
helpers to and you know people was going to see this
they have curious uh and that was amazing because in this
city maybe sometimes oh no astronomy oh no the relationship with a astrology
and and yeah don't don't give some
uh they don't realize how important is the astronomy uh
maybe i'm a fanatic you know but to the education
we need fanatics for education you know so and i think it's i think it's great i i
think it's great what you're doing and uh you know establishments of
a park like this uh is still great even in the even in the city because sometimes you
know it's wonderful to have a dark sky site of course for for uh serious amateur astronomy or
professional astronomy but it's also um sometimes you have to bring astronomy to the public and that
means you need to go to the city to do it
and uh so i i i see a need for both and um you know i'm glad that uh
your community at large is embracing this this is wonderful
well thank you okay so uh that's it
i hope this sunday this saturday maybe i think i will doing
pictures with the dslr and the the the giso
telescope yeah but because i will i have some dark skies
a little bit unfortunately the weather here is very
wet so the equipment maybe will be a little wet
well sounds like my my home state michigan yeah although we've had we've
had more clear skies than we usually get in our town so
all right okay okay thank you maxie thank you very much uh no i think thank you again up next is
adrian bradley adrian has uh been showing us amazing uh
night sky photography his landscapes with the milky way his
you know his interpretation of the night sky has revealed in his beautiful work uh
is very moving adrian's one of david levy's favorite uh photographers
and uh he's quickly becoming one of ours too and uh so um adrian i'm gonna turn it over to
you and uh thanks thanks for coming on yet again great yeah so thank
you for having me um despite the fact that i'll be attempting to
um head to a spot to capture the uh eclipse we're i'm in michigan
and we're in a location that will at least get to see partiality um if that's a word and i'm going to try
traveling within two and a half hours or so to um to a spot that's off of our
lake michigan and attempt to watch the sun come up it should come up
as a crescent and um i have a solar filter but also i plan on shooting at the sun
directly as it's coming up and hopefully i'll have um a good image just to let you know
you're uh scott your um explorer scientific mate uh jason gunzel
is also going to have a beautiful picture we have a a bridge span the mackinaw bridge oh
and uh he's gonna try and capture capture coming over that so ah that's very so there should be some
pretty good pictures um coming from us i'll be um
uploading those to um the eclipse watch that is being done and i
think we posted um i think we posted the urls that people can go
and see the um see though so right i am going to
just take a couple of minutes um i'm going to share my sound i'm going to optimize the video clip
because i have a video clip
and it's not um so before i just want this is a screen this is using a camera
a tracker and a uh 100 100 to 400 millimeter lens i believe i
had it at 100 millimeters at a dark sky and a fairly short exposure around two minutes or so
and i ended up with this image of the uh sword of orion so really depending on
the skies that you're in and the how sharp you're tracking is you can gather
not only some pretty good images in a short amount of time
um but you also see how many satellites are being launched you see
geosynchronous satellites and then groups of satellites so that unfortunately um
as you're as you're imaging stars you can and this is without a modified camera so
as you're imaging stars just get started with what you've got um and with a long enough exposure
and you can you know you can get starlight and it only just goes uphill from there
as you get you get just enough equipment to get the types of images that you're looking for
so i will show two minutes of this video i got a chance to see the total solar
eclipse um in 2017. this is using a five inch
telescope an iphone to record and
i started the video at the realizing after looking at totality start and this
is upside down because it's a newtonian um i looked at totality start and then i
looked on my phone and realized that i hadn't lost it after
all it was it was enough of it in the picture that i was able to track it so what i'm
showing is kind of what totality looks like and as as you're looking at it
and how loud and crazy it gets when totality's going so
i'll play this video and just let me know if you're able to hear it okay and it's only i got it on the uh
are you able to hear yeah we carry it yes
gotta get my camera it's a little late
[Music]
look at the there's a lot of screaming that goes on
holy i'm gonna take a picture from here look at that i have i have it on the phone
is it bad that i told the cheater i actually have it on the phone [Laughter]
i'd love to listen wow yeah oh yeah it always happens
i got it i know you can kind of see the this was about two minutes
let's take a look at let's take a look at the corner yeah let's take a quick peek of that i
don't have it full on but just take a look at that i don't want to hog that because this
time is
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[Music] it's starting to change as it's getting near to the end of totality
yeah at some point i looked through my telescope and you'll all right garrett and richard
get a photo in this one right now i just looked through the telescope and
saw what it looked like through an 11 inch telescope if you look at it you can see the prominence is coming off
of the sun let's let people observe forget the pictures let people up here
forget the picture just take a look [Music]
all right so that's um that was
i think that i have i took in in the san fran eclipse we was
with with pedro and i remember that i took the moment
to to to take a video only with the cell phone and me saying
explicit things because the emotion says it happens i can't believe this
oh you know listen um what so one we were at we were at a
church so we managed to keep it kid-friendly there were so many kids around but
um part of the reason i decided to um share the video um at a um
in an astronomy meeting recently we had someone share a video from 1979
and that is when they they went on this long journey in fact they could go
into canada um and they saw a total solar eclipse pass through and all you heard
were all the explicit words from yeah just seeing it you know
it was but you you understand when and i may have talked over it somebody
yelling oh my god um you heard the kids and their excitement
as they were someone scrambling to get a camera to see it the the thing the toughest
thing to do was to convince people there were a lot of people looking at that image
on my on my phone as the eclipse was happening and i tried to con to tell people look
at it through um just look at it with your eyes you know yeah
you can look at totality the way it shows up on that screen once it's total you're not in danger of
burning your eyes out the corona is it's a beautiful thing to notice it does look something like that to your eyes
but then you take a picture you can get more detail on how the corona looks
and what's also amazing is how one how different it looks um with each uh total solar eclipse
with the annular eclipse of course it is going to look more like a ring of fire um hopefully kareem from uh rask and a
few of those members get some great pictures of it uh when it you know when it goes annular and i'll
have some images partially if all goes well but um with the the total solar eclipse
for those that are out there listening still and um we recommend you try and see at least
one in your lifetime uh man you will want to see it you can only do once in your lifetime
once you do one it's like eating those potato chips you can't just eat one you know you're gonna find a way to
go now we're fortunate that um i traveled to tennessee for that eclipse
we're fortunate that we're going to have an eclipse an hour away
the center line goes through basically through toledo ohio which is from where i live that's about an hour
drive however it's going to be april and the weather in michigan may not be or ohio may not
be ideal so a lot of people are going to texas i'm going to texas you're going to go to
texas scotland yeah so it's you're going to it's gonna be a better chance of better weather
to actually see the eclipse so i'm still debating if i'm gonna make that trip or not
um but um having seen it once and this would be this would be the best chance for my
family to see it because they didn't my son and daughter came with me and i'm glad i took them
the rest of my family this would be their chance to actually see it and um you know those that can make the
trip the plan is to go to the center line i won't necessarily be
in um toledo's i think the center line is a little further south
um a couple of neck notes my cousins were in nashville i was there in white house tennessee i
saw the entire uh totality they missed a cloud bank came over nashville
covered totality my cousins didn't get to see it the other thing was someone walking up
to me and saying they felt the pollen rush when the when totality ended and asked if they were crazy and i
said no the plants the plant life and animal life did stop um once totality happened
it's one of the things you pay attention to i was trying to call out planets and i
because i didn't have my phone i couldn't look it up to say what really was that planet but um
i um i tried to call things out you try to observe not only the eclipse but
everything going on around it yeah yeah so you know you you don't you know if you're just fixated on the eclipse
that's that's fine but um it's the entire what happens
in the entire experience and you know try as you might it's hard not
to yell and scream when you see it because it's just something you don't see
you don't see every year it's pretty amazing i have here the
the video that i record with the cell phone with a little tripod above my car and
pointing the eclipse uh i put it to record and still taking pictures with the camera and
i was hearing the they say or maybe not the insults that uh
the the foreign the the screaming of that that way you're leaving
you know uh what happened oh cool we went to uh we went into a new
view it's called immersive view oh wow so we're like in a room where we're framed here so
yeah wow that's nice i feel like like a piece of art yeah i should move my head so my
image just shows up not yet right there then it'll look like uh that's what my
picture would look like in a frame well without me in it
let me i don't think it's broadcasting so here we go we're going back
okay too bad they couldn't see that you see the screen yes yeah prefer to hear
okay this is a little bit um awkward because i
was screaming like a crazy man that's the first time i that's my first
time i've released that video to anything public because i was
rather embarrassed with how i was running around and yelling um you've got to look at it right now
it's like i didn't want people to know i did that but here they spot
this that is venus and when the cloud goes by the the the
eclipse it doesn't see very good because uh the the shining and the the cell phone
was put i i didn't realize uh it was in automatic mode and decreased the
the the the over experience
yes but you can see the the darkness the the clouds the the
yeah you had a cloudy eclipse maxi you were where i was in the in the same area
yes about 600 meters maybe no maybe one kilometer okay okay
you you were in another place but yeah you are here in the
that was totality right yes yes yeah you can see the really a little
dark yeah now i started to cry
now i'm transmitting this for for scott in direct that's right
they are very gray and here is no no it was yeah but you still got
something oh yeah there were a lot of teams that were trying to get this eclipse down in argentina and also in chile
and you know uh most people were clouded out and uh cesar was able
to get it so yeah i was very grateful for that and we got to experience this eclipse
um you know from such a great distance it was awesome do you hear the wind
actually i'm not hearing i don't know if you've got your sound maybe you're here yeah you would have to
hear uh when you share your screen maxie there's something that says uh
enable sound ah yes yes yeah yeah yeah click that that helps
okay there we go
now you can hear the wind it sounds like a jet plane here's venus
that's mercury wow okay yeah and here's obviously
now that's and when the class goes by the eclipse was end
you know that happens here in the the past year yeah
the two of you died because i have you know you remember the animation that i did the clouds and then the the eclipse is
it goes down in the horizon yeah and yeah you had a
sunset totally yes exactly yeah sunrise and sunset totalities
or any types of eclipses i i can't believe there yeah look at the look at
the brightness yeah um those they're your you can photograph them
i think with a very narrow aperture without having to put a filter on i'm going to bring one just in case
just so that if i if i don't succeed at quite getting a good you know one shot natural
photo with the partiality in it i'll at least put the filter on take a picture
and maybe consider doing a composite shot so there there will be something i i will figure
something out [Music] [Laughter]
like like a sucker that was me all right everybody uh
you drive safely adrian okay yeah
hopefully i will have stuff i will have something to share even if i have to wait and then point at the sky i'll have i'll
have one eclipse image at least that is my yeah the importance
of all of this is enjoy and enjoy with your family and your
i will absolutely okay you maybe have a perfect picture and
maybe you have a single picture yeah but they remember and the feeling it doesn't
compare that's true all right everybody thanks again thank you
thank you thank you thank you guys for trying uh the next one helping us
wrap up the 49th global star party next tuesday i think it's the 15th of june uh
is uh the 50th global star party we'll have a special door prize uh
that will be real exciting and uh you know of course we'll have all of our guys bringing uh
you know the best in astronomy to you so uh from all over the world thank you
thanks guys have a good night thanks maxie caesar adrian and all the rest of you guys that are
watching my audience and the other participants that might still be watching from somewhere uh have a good night keep
looking up and we'll be back take care see you thank you bye
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